853 
as large as their Kalinga and Igorot neighbors. One is at once impressed 
with the fact that the Tingians of Abra are somewhat lighter colored 
than are the people of the other non-Christian tribes of northern Luzon, 
but this is doubtless in some measure due to their being a scrupulously 
clean people who bathe with great frequency and thoroughness. Their 
women are especially well-favored and attractive. 
The Tingian type of face is very different from that of any other 
northern Luzon tribe, and many of the men and women have peculiarly 
sweet expressions, thoroughly in keeping with the mildness and gentleness 
of their character. 
Both the men and women of the more civilized section of the tribe 
wear the hair uncut, the men confining their long locks at the back of 
the head by means of handkerchiefs or bits of cloth tied like turbans 
(Pl. IX, fig. 9), while the women do up theirs nicely with strings of 
beads, forming knots which are usually at the left sides of their heads. 
(Pl. XIX, fig. 4.) Among the Tingians of Apayao one not infrequently 
sees men with the hair banged across the forehead after the fashion of 
the Kalingas, but I have never observed the cut over and back of the 
ear, which completes the Kalinga coiffure. (Pl. IX, fig. 8.) The hair 
is also sometimes ornamented with a wreath of scented grass. It is held 
in place by a more or less elaborate turban which, when possible, is made 
of bright scarlet and yellow cloth. (PI. IX, fig. 7.) 
Tattooing is practiced to a considerable extent among the Tingians of 
Tlokos Sur and Hokos Norte and of Abra, and especially among the people 
of Guinaan and Balatoc, who come in close contact with the Bontoc 
Igorots. Among the people of Apayao elaborate tattoo patterns are rare, 
if indeed they occur at all. I have never seen one. Most of the men 
have a large tattoo mark in the form of a cuff on each wrist, sometimes 
extending down onto the back of the hand. The only tattoo marks I 
saw on women had been placed over goiters, presumably because they 
were believed to have therapeutic value. 
The typical dress of the Tingian men of Abra and of Ilokos Sur and 
Tlokos Norte is still the clout (PI. ITT, fig. 3), although a large percentage 
of the men have shirts and trousers, which they wear on festival occasions. 
Nearly all of them wear hats called salacots. The typical dress of the 
women is a neat skirt of white, cotton cloth, with an indigo-blue border. 
(Pl. XIII, fig. 3.) This cloth is woven by the women themselves. 
When at work they usually wear no other garment, but most of them 
have upper garments which are made short-sleeved so as to show their 
remarkable arm ornaments, and are worn when they are about the 
house, or at least on feast days and when they have occasion to visit 
the neighboring, civilized towns. (Pl XIX, fig. 4.) Under the skirt 
is worn a clout, supported by coils of braided rattan cord, fastened 
together in such a way as to remain spread over the hips of the wearer, 
but to constrict readily into a bundle in front and behind, where the 
