0 ee ee eer een. eee ee Ge 
861 
along the Padre Juan Villaverde trail there still remain a few wild 
people called Isinays. I have never seen them. Dr. Barrows states that 
they resemble the Benguet-Lepanto Igorots more than the Ifugaos, and 
Governor Knight of Nueva Vizcaya says that they are very similar to 
the former people. It is not easy to decide whether or not they originally 
belonged to the same tribe and represent only a dialect group, but pending 
further information relative to them I shall so treat them. 
Many of the civilized inhabitants of Isabela and of Cagayan are 
descended from a people who were called Gaddanes, and this name is still 
sometimes used as a designation for the long-haired, wild people of these 
two provinces. I do not believe that the Gaddanes were at any time more 
than a dialect group of the Kalingas. 
Dr. Barrows has treated the so-called Remontados as if they constituted 
a separate tribe. This is not the case. It is very generally true that 
there will be found in the vicinity of non-Christian tribes in these Islands 
renegade Christian natives who have abandoned civilized life and taken 
to the hills. Not infrequently they marry women of the hill tribes 
and have half-caste children, but I see no more fitness in assigning to 
such people and their offspring the rank of a tribe than there would be 
in following the same course with reference to the people of mixed blood 
who are usually to be found in greater or smaller numbers wherever two 
non-Christian tribes adjoin each other. 
DIALECT GROUPS. 
As I have already stated, it seems to me far wiser to class peoples 
which are substantially alike except for differences of dialect in one tribe 
and to divide them into dialect groups rather than to attempt to make 
as many tribes as there are dialects spoken. 
Were we to adopt the other basis it would lead us into manifest absurd- 
ity in classifying the civilized tribes. While the Ilokanos of North 
Ilokos, South Ilokos, Union, and Abra can understand each ‘other after 
a fashion, Governor Villamor, himself an Ilokano, assures me that there 
are very great differences in their dialects. This holds to even a greater 
extent among the Visayans, yet no ethnologist thinks of dividing them 
into Ilongos, Cebuanos, Cuyunos, etc. 
A considerable amount of new work must be done before a satisfactory 
conclusion can be reached as to the dialect groups into which the seven 
tribes of northern Luzon should be divided. 
The Negritos have very generally adopted the language of their civil- 
ized neighbors. This can hardly hold for the Negritos of eastern Cagayan 
and Isabela, who, on account of the extent of the territory which they 
occupy and their comparative isolation, must, it would seem, have a 
language of their own; but of these people we know next to nothing 
at the present time. I saw about one hundred of them at Dumabato 
in 1905 but had little opportunity to study them. 
