Ss 
886 
value in the scheme proposed by Mr. M. R. Campbell in a chapter on the 
classification of coals on a basis of their carbon-hydrogen ratios § this 
sample falls into its proper place—i. e., a sub-bituminous coal. 
Reference to Tables I and IJ shows that the coals represented by 
Table II are superior to those of Table I, when judged from the stand- 
point of the usual criterion for steaming purposes. In time it is ex- 
pected that a much better quality of coal will be developed from the lower 
beds, as is indicated by the drill sample analyses. At present, practically 
all the coal which is mined in the Archipelago is that taken out by the 
natives for local consumption. However, coal from Batan has been sub- 
jected to careful, systematic tests by the United States Army transports 
Chukong, Sacramento, and Palawan,’ and Polillo coal has also been care- 
fully tested by Government employees at the Insular Cold Storage and 
Ice Plant ?® with very satisfactory results. Several other steam tests 
on a large scale have been attempted by private persons, but as the equip- 
ment of the steam boilers was not designed for this class of fuel the 
results were very unsatisfactory. A furnace with a short fire-box, 
planned for a high-grade steaming coal, which burns with a short, hot, 
smokeless flame, is entirely unsuited to Philippine coal. The fire-box 
must be greatly lengthened or else a large part of the fuel value of the 
volatile combustible matter, which approximates 50 per cent, will be 
lost. This accounts for the fact that the temperature of the escaping 
gases of many smokestacks is 450° C., when in a carefully and economic- 
ally operated plant it should not exceed 310° C. 
How best to utilize the coal deposits of this country is a question 
which has long attracted attention ; however but little progress has been 
made toward its solution. Recently experiments with a producer gas 
plant ** have given unusually promising results. It was at first thought 
impossible successfully to use lignites in a gas producer, but these fuels 
worked well and the gas had a higher calorific value than that from any 
other coal which was used. For instance, it was at first supposed that 
New Mexico coals could not be used to advantage in the manufacture of 
producer gas, but later the best results were obtained from lignites of 
even poorer quality than those from New Mexico. 
Coal converted into producer gas and burned in a gas engine resulted 
in a gain of efficiency of from 110 to 144 per cent * over the same coal 
burned in a carefully operated Heine boiler. A simple engine was used 
in making the boiler tests. The efficiency of these tests might have been 
8U. 8. G.8., P. P. 48 (1906), 1, 156. 
® “Coal Efficiency Report,” furnished by the military secretary. Bull. Min. Bur., 
Manila (1906), 5, 47 et seq. 
*The Far Hastern Review, Jan. (1906). 
“JU. 8. G.S., P. P. 48 (1906), 3. 
2 The result from one coal from the Indian Territory. 
