21,2 Shaw: Copelandosphaera 217 
third of the coenobium. The oospores had a smooth outer wall. 
about 46 » in diameter and a smooth inner wall about 42 pw in 
diameter. The space between the membranes appeared to be 
occupied by a substance with large vacuoles. 
THE MANNER OF BIRTH 
Each daughter coenobia makes its exit from the mother 
through a separate opening formed in the wall of the mother. 
This is well illustrated by specimen 11, already described. After 
the departure of the daughter the opening remains with a 
smooth outline. This birth of the daughters through separate 
holes is in striking contrast with the manner of birth in another 
species that was first observed in the same habitat with Cope- 
landosphaera. In that one, the species of Campbellosphaera, 
as has been recorded elsewhere (Shaw, ’19, p. 494), the daughters 
nearest the hinder pole mature first and are liberated one by 
one through an opening in the back of the mother, through which 
all the other daughters pass in turn. 
A FREAK COENOBIUM 
oe 
On the same slide with the Pond E material that includes 
specimen 11 with an abundance of mature and other coenobia 
there is one specimen, a sexual coenobium with oogonidia a 
little over half grown, with a deep equatorial constriction, 
which at first sight appears to have been produced by a birth 
that was long interrupted when the daughter was halfway out. 
This coenobium is widened and shortened to 610 by 560 ». A 
normal coenobium of about the same age jis about 30 » longer 
than broad. The furrow is about 70 » deep on the nearer side 
of the coenobium, and the sides of the furrow are in contaet for 
some distance from the bottom. The median section effect is 
that of a closed furrow between two rounded ridges. The 
furrow is slightly in advance of the equator, and there is one 
row of reproductive cells in front of it, all the others being on 
the furrow or behind it. The coenobium wall, then, consists of 
two nearly equal parts, each with a flange on the inner side 
of the line of union, the parts being united by the inner edges 
of the flanges. 
Some of the measurements of coenobia and numbers of somatic 
and reproductive cells are given in Table 1. Certain of the 
figures greatly exceed the general range of those recorded, yet 
the table will serve its purpose even though some of the extreme 
figures are not above suspicion of error. 
