542 The Philippine Journal of Science 1922 
(e) Latent cases, showing ova in the stools, but no bodily reaction, 5 
per cent. One case gave a history of recurrent dysenteric seizures. The 
most important points clinically, according to Houghton, are: 
1. The presence of ova in the stools. Not always easy to show. 
2. A high grade of eosinophilia, ranging from 10 per cent to 50 per cent. 
8. Greatly exaggerated knee jerks, which occur in practically every 
case. ; 
4. Lack of anemia. The average hemoglobin index was 80 per cent, 
but there is a peculiar muddiness of complexion that often suggests 
anemia, 
5. Lack of leucocytosis.2 Unless complicated by some purulent process, 
the leucocytes remain at or below normal. 
6. Emaciation, not to be accounted for in other ways, is occasionally a 
feature. 
To this classification Bovaird and Cecil(1) add the terminal 
cases characterized by portal obstruction, advanced anemia, and 
death by exhaustion. They believe that the ascites is due to 
liver cirrhosis, endophlebitis, and thrombosis of the portal vein 
by the ova. 
The experience of Houghton(17) in examining stools for ova 
is worth mentioning, for these may be more readily mistaken 
for Ascaris lumbricoides than for Ankylostomum eggs. When 
the mammillary envelope of Ascaris egg is not deeply bile- 
stained and the bosses are not prominent, the two may be difficult 
to distinguish. The novice would be likely to mistake a Schis- 
tosoma ovum for such an Ascaris egg, and neglect to turn on 
the high power. 
REPORT OF CASES 
Infection with Schistosoma japonicum has been reported from 
the Philippine Islands. 
Wooley in 1906(35) described the autopsy findings in a native 
Filipino who had not been out of the Islands and who at the 
time of death was a prisoner in Bilibid. This investigator fore- 
told that other cases would be found here. 
Heiser in 1908(16) reported fifteen cases from the inmates 
of Bilibid Prison. 
In the same year Garrison(15) reported the result of a statis- 
tical investigation conducted during the year 1907 among 4,106 
prisoners from all parts of the Islands, including a number of 
Chinese and a few Americans in Bilibid Prison. Schistosoma 
*The studies of Chamberlain, Am. Journ. Trop. Dis. and Prev. Med. 
2 (1914) 41, on blood of Filipinos, showed an absolute reduction in 
efficient phagocysts. In the unpublished studies of Leach, Ash, and Haugh- 
wout the polymorphonuclear counts vary from 84 to 65 per cent, and are 
mainly below 60 per cent.—M. P. M. G. 
