21,6 Mendoza-Guazon: Schistosomiasis in the Philippines 543 
japonicum occurred only among Filipinos and on an average of 
0.4 per cent. Excepting one case from Manila, all infections 
appear to have originated on the three southern islands; namely, 
Samar, 6 cases; Leyte, 5; and Mindanao, 4. 
Phalen and Nichols(31) in the same year (1908) published the 
record of a case, a native of Calbayog, Samar, who had lived 
continuously in that town until his twenty-fourth year. He 
then enlisted in the Philippine Scouts and, during the six years 
of his service, was stationed on Panay, Cebu, Leyte, and Samar, 
and came to Manila for short visits only: 
In 1909 Strong,(33) in his medical survey of the town of 
Taytay, Rizal Province, Luzon, mentions a case of dysentery 
caused by Schistosoma japonicum which was not contracted in 
Taytay, and states that S. hematobiwm had only been found in 
Manila in instances where the infection had originated in for- 
eign countries. 
Crowell and Hammack in 1913(9) mention a case of Schisto- 
soma japonicum in a Filipino, 18 years old, observed in the labo- 
ratory of the College of Medicine and Surgery, University of 
the Philippines, by Dr. V. L. Andrews. A detailed report of 
this case will constitute the first of the series discussed in the 
present paper. 
In 1914 Willets(34) found three cases among 7,343 prisoners 
examined upon admission to Bilibid Prison. These cases came 
from Manila, Leyte, and La Union. 
P. Guazon reported to the Manila Medical Society in 1918 a 
case of chronic obliterative appendicitis in a young man, 22 
years old, who was a resident of Quiapo, Manila, at the time 
of operation. Histological sections of the appendix showed com- 
plete obliteration of the lumen and the presence of ova of Schis- 
tosoma japonicum situated singly and in groups in its wall. 
The ten cases reported in this paper were autopsied in the 
morgue of the College of Medicine and Surgery, University of 
the Philippines, which is, at the same time, the City Morgue of 
Manila, and the autopsies were performed by the members of the 
staff of the department of pathology and bacteriology. 
FIRST CASE 
Clinical history—F. B., Filipino male, 18 years old, residing in Paco, 
Manila, complained of restlessness and difficulty of breathing. No history 
could be taken, for patient refused to talk. Admitted to the Philippine 
General Hospital, December 23, 1912. 
After a few hours in the hospital the patient died, with the diagnosis 
of mitral stenosis and acute passive congestion of the liver. The necropsy 
was performed, nine hours after death, by Dr. V. L. Andrews. 
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