546 The Philippine Journal of Science 1922 
Another large nodule is seen with a central area of necrosis in which 
one can see some well-stained eosinophiles. In the periphery of this there 
are radial epithelioid cells, eosinophiles, large foreign-body giant cells, 
and a piece of yellow shell. These are all encapsulated also by concentric 
layers of fibroblasts, in which eosinophiles, a few. plasma cells, and small 
lymphocytes are found, in the order named from the center outward. The 
lung tissue under high power shows marked hemorrhage by diapedesis and 
marked eosinophilia in the neighborhood of the nodules. 
Large areas of necrosis are also found on section of the lungs. The 
necrotic center is eosin stained and is composed of different kinds of cells 
undergoing degeneration. No trace of the framework is seen in it. This 
is also encapsulated by a few epithelioid cells, giant cells, fibroblasts, fibrous 
tissue, plasma cells, and eosinophiles. In this fibrous capsule there are 
calcified ova, which are walled off by fibroblasts, plasma cells, and eosino- 
philes. The lung tissue around these necrotic areas is atelectatic with 
much fibrosis, and contains many eosinophiles. 
The nodules are located in the lung tissue, singly or conglomerated; a 
few are near the large blood vessel, but none was found in the wall of 
the bronchi, bronchioles, or blood vessels. 
The eggs occur singly or in groups of three, and the highest number was 
seven. None is seen in the interlobular septa, pleura, or wall of blood 
vessels and bronchi. 
An isolated egg is sometimes found in a septum, and the cells next to 
the egg stain pink, are granular, and have no nuclei. The shells of the 
ova are yellowish and transparent, with a thick border, or rim. They are 
usually wrinkled, but in the shells of those that are distended no spines can 
be detected or recognized; when these are seen the cytoplasm is opaque, 
eosin stained, and globular, or slightly oval. Eccentrically placed is a 
group of minute blue-stained chromatin bodies. This arrangement is 
probably due to the angle at which the egg is sectioned, for in many ova the 
chromatin bodies are centrally placed. Many of the isolated ova are accom- 
panied by single foreign-body giant cells which have the tendency to 
encircle the ova and dissolve them. 
The egg in the histological sections measures 80 by 38 microns. 
Liver—Single and conglomerate nodules with single ova or groups of 
ova are found in the interlobular and intralobular septa. Many of the 
ova are calcified, and a few nodules have undergone hyaline transformation. 
The sinusoids are filled with blood, and the liver cells are smaller than 
normal and show fatty degeneration. In one of the sections of the portal 
vein a cross section of an adult worm is present (Plate 4, fig. 2); this is 
flat and thin, with margins turned ventrally inward, one being deeper than 
the other. About the middle there are two small ductlike openings (Plate 
4, fig. 1). 
Colon.—The submucosa is thicker than normal, due to a dense deposit 
of ova, eosinophiles, and fibroblasts. Areas of necrosis similar to those 
found in the lung are also present in the submucosa. Almost all the ova 
are calcified. The mucosa shows catarrhal desquamation, marked infil- 
tration of eosinophiles, and few ova in the stroma. The muscularis is 
free from ova. The polypoid growth of the serosa is made up of fibrous 
tissue, fibroblasts, eosinophiles, groups of ova, round-cell infiltration, and 
areas of necrosis. 
