21,6 Mendoza-Guazon: Schistosomiasis in the Philippines 565 
without difficulty. However, they are easily killed by most of 
the ordinary germicides used in water purification. 
The proper disposal of waste, the prevention of ingress of 
cercarie into the skin, and the appropriate treatment of the 
affected vertebrate host are the means of protecting the indi- 
vidual and of preventing him from being a source of danger 
to others. 
The only known drug of importance in the treatment of 
disease caused by the other two allied members, Schistosoma 
hematobium and S. mansoni, is tartar emetic, which was first 
employed by McDonagh(25) and extensively used with success 
by Christopherson,(4) and their success has been corroborated 
by other workers. Analogy suggests that the same treatment 
be followed in infections of schistosomiasis. 
CONCLUSIONS 
1. The ten cases of infection with Schistosoma japonicum 
reported in this paper are not an index of the extent of the 
existing infection in the Philippine Islands, nor are they a 
complete index of its frequency in our autopsies. Probably 
many more cases would be recognized if more-thorough histo- 
logical examination were made of every corpse that comes to 
the morgue, as the ova were revealed only by the microscope 
in many cases of this series. 
2. None of these cases was diagnosed ante mortem, partly 
due to the general belief that schistosomiasis is absent from 
the Islands and partly because of the clinical symptoms, which 
in a subtropical country can be interpreted as those of malaria, 
typhoid, dysentery, portal cirrhosis, etc. Another cause is the 
difficulty of finding the ova in the stools and, when found, to 
recognize them. 
3. A survey of the existing degree of infection in Manila and 
in Samar, as well as of the presence of its intermediary host, 
is advisable in order to facilitate the enforcement of preventive 
measures. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 
I am indebted to Dr. Ernest W. Goodpasture for his advice 
in the preparation of this paper. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
1. Bovarrp, D., and Ceci, R. L. Journ. Am. Med. Sci. 148 (1914) 187. 
2. CASTELLANI, A., and CHatmerS, A. J. Manual of Tropical Medicine. 
New York, William Wood & Co., ed. 3 (1920). 
8. CAwson, F. G. Journ. Parasit. 3 (1917) 131. 
