182 The Philippine Journal of Science 1921 
Phil. basdé wet, Sal. diassé). An exception would seem to be 
Sal. dofoi house (Bal. phoyoi, Ilk. baldi). The essential dis- 
tinction between the sounds represented by b and p is, of course, 
the presence or absence of voice, a question which, in reference 
to the sound here under review, must be left for future investi- 
gation. Before u (0) a fairly distinct, though very light, affricate 
is heard: pfueyea alligator, quoted above; Ilk. bumangon one rising, 
Sal. pfumangon; Ilk. umisb6 who makes water, Sal. uwmispf6; Phil. 
Bontok, Sal. Pfuntok. 
38. A sound produced by articulating an / with the tip of the tongue 
not touching the alveoli but passing more or less freely through 
the teeth, as my informants very clearly demonstrated to me, 
I use for it the symbol A. The attempt to produce this sound, 
which is not foundin English, is best made with an initial vowel; 
thus with o, for instance, a diphthong approaching oi will result; 
compare Ilk. luppé thigh, Inib. ulpé Sal. ofpé. The name of the 
river Saltan, of the town Salegseg, and of the barrio (detached 
suburb) Bolo are locally pronounced Saftan, SaXogsog, and Pfifo, 
respectively. The Spanish word for highroad, calzada, becomes 
in Sal. kafsa, the final syllable da being left out presumably 
under the mistaken belief that it is the possessive suffix of the 
third person plural da. Also in Bal. the change from other Phil. 
! to A will be found through comparison (Ilk. dakkél large, Bal’ 
chakkéi, Sal. chakk6&); the pronunciation of the sound is there, 
however, so glib and free of an admixture of 1 that I have not 
considered it necessary to use a special symbol for it. In Sal. 
the sound in question is often very deceptive and in the foot- 
notes to the texts there will be found pointed out cases where it 
sounds almost like 1. 
Mention is to be made here also of the fact that tenues in 
final position are pronounced, especially in isolated words, with 
extreme softness making them sometimes scarcely audible: Chu- 
sO (k) a part of Salegseg, dwa(k) waist, chewa(k) a semireli- 
gious ceremony (Ting. dawak), awi(t) load, nasir-yo (p) one 
sleeping, etc. Apparently this is due to the release of the stop 
being effected in a scarcely perceptible manner. 
GINAANG 
Ginéang, a town situated about half a day’s ride southeast 
from Balbalasang, and about two hours northwest from Lubua- 
gan, between the Rivers Pasil and Tabia. The inhabitants, said 
to have been in former times the terror of their more peaceful 
neighbors and referred to by the Spaniards as “la tribu de los 
Guinaanes,” number according to recent official statistics about 
1,051 souls. Rancherias popularly affiliated with Gindang and 
speaking, with perhaps slight difference, the same dialect, are: 
Pigung. Mayoksad. Yugyig. 
Poyadau. : Puapu. Ga-chang. 
Boktayan. Maténgngak. 
