THE STRUCTURE OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND 
RELATED COMPOUNDS* 
By GRANVILLE A. PERKINS 
Chemist, Bureau of Science, Manila 
In a previous. paper? the writer has discussed the interpre- 
tation of some of the older ideas of valence in terms based on 
the Lewis-Langmuir theory of valence. These interpretations 
are summarized in Table 1. 
TABLE 1.—Relations between the older “affinity unit” theory and the Lewis- 
Langmuir theory of valence. 
Nomenclature based | 
Affinity unit theory. Example. on Lewis-Langmuir Example. 
theory. 
Affinity unit; nonmetal- cil— Vacancy for one elec- cl— 
lic unsatisfied bond. tron in the shell. 
Affinity unit; metallic Na— One loosely held elec- Na! 
unsatisfied bond. tron. we 
Negative ion _._.._.----- cr — Negative ion --....------ cl 
Positive ion =...222.2:-- Na‘ — Positive ion -.---------- Nat 
Single bond, not ioniz- | cl—Cl Single bond; direct cl—Cl 
able. union, two electrons 
: in common. 4 es 
Single bond, ionizable_-- Na—Cl Salt-forming union-_--- Na on ae “a 
Auxiliary valence, am- ___UCHs | Increase of valence by (CHs)4=N * ----Cl 
monium type. (CHs)s=N GL ionization. 
Auxiliary valence, (CHs)s=N =O Borrowing union (no (CHs)s=NCCO 
amine oxide type. valence increase). 
Double bond .._....----- o=0 Double bond, four elec- o=0 
trons in common. 
Triple bond _..-.-.------ HC=CH Triple bond, six elec- HC=CH 
é trons in common. 
It may be noted that among the direct (that is, nonionizable) 
unions the single bond represents two electrons held in common; 
the double, four electrons; and the triple, six electrons. No 
place is given in the scheme to bonds consisting of one, three, or 
five electrons. This is entirely in accord with Langmuir’s * postu- 
late 11, and certainly in accord with the commonest types of 
1 Received for publication August 8, 1921. 
* Philip. Journ. Sci. 19 (1921) 1. 
° Langmuir, I., Journ. Am. Chem. Soc. 41 (1919) 888. 
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