1914] Knowlton,— Flora of the Sandy River Valley 15 
S. georgianus and S. cyperinus, var. pelius are common. In Sagit- 
taria latifolia there are all possible variations. In one place the leaves. 
vary from wide to narrow with the depth of the water. 5. arifolia 
also grows in these creeks. Sparganium diversifolium, var. acaule is 
rather common, as well as the much larger S. americanum. Cicuta 
bulbifera produces one umbel of flowers, but does not ripen seed, 
relying on a numerous crop of bulblets instead. Lysimachia terrestris, 
however, has both seeds and bulblets in abundance. One of the 
prettiest color schemes I saw last summer was a dry creek-bed filled 
with this plant and Mimulus ringens, both in flower. Steironema 
ciliatum is another handsome plant, when at its best. 
'The dry sandy banks of the river, and the similar terraces which 
arise from the intervales are paradises for Solidago. The handsomest 
kind is S. squarrosa which is everywhere abundant, a tall vigorous 
plant with a wand of large heads. S. hispida is a very common spe- 
cies in the region, while the closely related S. bicolor is infrequent. 
Other species are S. juncea, S. nemoralis, S. serotina, S. canadensis, 
S. graminifolia and a little of S. puberula. Cuscuta Gronovii is often 
parasitic on these goldenrods, especially near the river. Apocynum 
androsaemifolium, Oenothera biennis and various forms of O. muricata, 
with other coarse plants thrive in this loose water-washed till. Apios 
tuberosa and Vitis vulpina are also frequent in such places. 
Wooded terraces have a soil full of humus, which is much richer. 
Here are found some of the forest trees, especially Tilia americana, 
Acer saccharum, Populus grandidentata and a very few trees of Quercus 
rubra. Amelanchier laevis is frequent where the terrace meets the 
intervale. In spring there are handsome beds of Sanguinaria cana- 
densis here, with Erythronium americanum, Dentaria diphylla and 
Viola scabriuscula. A little later come Smilacina racemosa, Pyrola 
asarifolia (rare) and Osmorrhiza Claytoni. Amphicarpa monoica, 
Desmodium canadense and D. acuminatum represent the Leguminosae, 
but the two latter I have not found above Farmington. Interesting 
grasses are Hystrix patula and Oryzopsis racemosa. Summer and fall 
flowers include Circaea Lutetiana, Solidago latifolia, Aster cordifolius, 
A. lateriflorus, var. hirsuticaulis, A. macrophyllus, var. ianthinus and 
Eupatorium urticaefolium. Even in winter the stiff stems of Equise- 
tum hyemale, var. affine may be seen sticking up through the snow. 
One day the past summer I went ten miles downstream from Farm- 
ington to New Sharon, following the stream into Somerset county, 
