1914] Fernald,— Lupines in eastern Canada and Newfoundland 93 
Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia, by Mr. C. H. Young. The plant was 
clearly not any of the species of eastern America nor of Europe so 
that, in view of the almost hopeless difficulty of determining the 
species of western North America without prolonged study, the New- 
foundland and Nova Scotia material was pigeon-holed. 
But the eastern botanist is apparently not to be allowed to leave 
the difficulties of untangling the Lupines to his western colleagues, 
for the western Lupines are obviously becoming naturalized in the 
East. In August, 1912, Messrs. Long, St. John and the writer found 
a colony of a gigantic Lupine growing in a sandy thicket along Brack- 
ley Point Road on Prince Edward Island. The plant was in ripe 
fruit, only one small inflorescence showing lingering flowers, so an 
appeal was made to the Prince Edward Island botanist, Mr. L. W. 
Watson, to secure flowers the following season. Mr. Watson, natur- 
ally assuming that the roadside station referred to was, as his letter 
says, “an extension of that which overruns Sherwood Cemetery, 
not far from Brackley Station," secured flowering material from there. 
But upon study it quickly becomes apparent that the plant over- 
running Sherwood Cemetery is not the same as that occupying the 
roadside thicket farther north, but that it belongs to a different sec- 
tion of the genus. 
With the aid of Dr. B. L. Robinson, the writer has attempted to 
identify the three plants which are establishing themselves in the 
Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland. They are all species native 
of western North America which have been cultivated in European 
gardens and introduced into eastern British America for their orna- 
mental value. "The tendency they are showing to spread rapidly and 
to go beyond the bounds of the garden indicates that they may be 
found at other stations; and, since these are only three of the innumer- 
able attractive Lupines which have been cultivated, it is not improba- 
ble that they are merely the forerunners of a considerable naturalized 
Lupine-flora to be expected in the regions where they are so readily 
establishing themselves. 
The three species, which are all perennials, may be distinguished 
as follows: 
Lupinus ALBICAULIS Dougl. Rather slender, branching, 0.5-1 m. 
high; the upper part of the stem and the rhachis silky or slightly 
velutinous: leaves with 5-9 oblanceolate somewhat silky leaflets 
2.5-4.5 cm. long: stipules linear, 3-8 mm. long, early deciduous: 
primary racemes becoming 1.5-3 dm. long: keel bent almost at right 
