Rhodora 
JOURNAL OF 
THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB 
Vol. 16. October, 1914. No. 190. 
SOME WILLOWS OF BOREAL AMERICA. 
M. L. FERNALD. 
Tue genus Salix, as it occurs in the “ Manual region” of the eastern 
United States and adjacent Canada, is well understood and its species 
within this range are comparatively few in number. Farther to the 
northeast, however, in the calcareous and magnesian districts border- 
ing on the lower St. Lawrence and the cold northern half of the Gulf, 
i. e., the region embracing the Gaspé Peninsula, Anticosti, the Mingan 
Islands, western Newfoundland and southeastern Labrador, the genus 
is very largely developed and we are only beginning to realize the great 
number of peculiar species which characterize this area. Several of 
them,— S. fuscescens Anderss., S. desertorum Richardson, S. calcicola 
Fernald & Wiegand, S. vestita Pursh, and S. reticularis L.— are of 
wider northern range; but some others,— S. obtusata Fernald, S. 
latiuscula Anderss., S. laurentiana Fernald and S. chlorolepis Fernald — 
are apparently endemic to the region. "These, however, represent 
only a minor portion of the willow-species of the area. Every season 
of active field-work adds to the number, and we now know from the 
district nearly forty species, twenty well-defined varieties, and numer- 
ous hybrids of Saliz. When the vastness and diversity of the region 
is considered, together with the fact that only a few scattered localities 
have been visited by a botanist (and at many of these no willows have 
been collected), it is evident that scarcely more than a beginning has 
been made in bringing together from the region a representative col- 
lection of the willows. The species of certain sections of the genus 
still await detailed study, but in attempting to settle the identity of 
the species belonging in other sections it has been found necessary to 
