4 The Philippine Journal of Science 1921 
characteristic desert fanglomerates. Such materials could not 
_ have been transported great distances and it is probable that a 
land mass or land masses lay to the east of the site of the Bondoc - 
Peninsula and northwestern Leyte. In other words, the sedi- 
ments of the Vigo group were deposited in the moderately deep 
waters of an inland sea with high mountainous islands to the 
east. The total time represented since the beginning of the 
Vigo is evidently long, and on these grounds as well as faunal 
the Vigo group appears to be as old as the Miocene, and the 
Malumbang probably represents at least a portion of the Plio- 
cene. The time represented by the unconformity between these 
horizons was sufficiently long to reduce many of the mountains 
formed at the close of Vigo time to nearly base level before the 
region was again gradually lowered to receive its great load of 
Malumbang coralline limestone and associated marls in the clear, 
warm, shallow water of a tropical Pliocene sea. Likewise the 
orogenic movements which ended Malumbang time were fairly 
long continued, and the erosion interval which preceded the 
formation of Pleistocene terraces was not a brief one. The age 
of the Vigo group will be discussed at length after its fauna is 
considered. 
FAUNA 
The fauna upon which this paper is based was obtained from 
the Bahay River vicinity (2x, 3x, 4x, 5x) ; the cafion of Dumalog 
Creek (9x); and from Sapa Tubigbinukot, the northern exten- 
sion of the Amoguis, Amougis, Agipot, or Pagsangahan River ® 
(11x), from strata which are all unmistakably members of the 
Vigo group and unconformably below the Malumbang formation. 
The following notes upon the collection localities and their 
fossils are given in detail, as there are but few places in these 
islands where good collections are obtained from localities with 
satisfactory: stratigraphy. 
The fauna noted in the following list was obtained from locality 
2x, Philippine Islands, Luzon, Tayabas Province, Bondoc Penin- 
sula, west shore of Ragay Gulf, 600 meters upstream from 
Bureau of Lands Bench Mark No. 1 (Bahay Oil Well No. 1), on 
the northeast bank of Bahay River in a 50-foot cliff of yellow 
sandstone and bluish clayey sandstone disturbed by minor 
faulting. Coll., Roy E. Dickerson. 
The Malumbang limestone is found in the hill 100 yards to 
* Different local names for the same stream. 
