248 The Philippine Journal of Science 1921 
a very smail red ant and it is barely possible that this has been 
distorted into cuyutil. 
The next two descriptions seem to apply to some lac-forming 
insects rather than to termites, since they are called lac-ha and 
are spoken of as forming a gumlike mass; and, aside from their 
living in trees, there is nothing in the descriptions which would 
seem to place them as termites. 
The last of the descriptions, and the only one which is un- 
doubtedly that of a termite, refers to the terrible destructive- 
ness of the insect to wooden structures, clothes, books, etc., and 
here for the first time we find recorded the name anai or anay 
almost universally applied to termites in Philippine dialects. 
It is, however, quite impossible to determine from the descrip- 
tion which termite is here referred to, and one is led to believe 
that much of hearsay is mixed with a modicum of fact. 
In the systematic portion of his monograph Hagen records 
only a single termite species, Termes dives Hagen,° from the 
Philippines. His species was based on adult material from the 
Philippines and Java and has been shown by Holmgren‘ to 
belong to the genus Odontotermes, and the soldiers described by 
Hagen to belong to Termes gilvus. It has not as yet been 
identified with any of our known forms. 
The soldiers, larvee, etc., collected in the Philippines by Heer 
and placed by Hagen under Termes are placed by Holmgren : 
under the common Malayan Macrotermes species, Termes gil- 
vus. This would seem to be Oshima’s T. (M.) copelandi and 
it seems probable that the latter name must be considered a 
synonym of the first. Further study of a wide range of material 
will be necessary to clear up this point. 
The next species to be reported from the Philippines was 
Termes distans Haviland, reported by him in 1898* from the 
Sulu Islands. 
Since Haviland’s paper the only systematic work on Philippine 
termites has been done by Oshima, who has published descrip- 
tions in four different papers.’ 
The only biological work on Philippine termites consists of a 
paper by Uichanco (1919) *° on the biology of the common mound- 
* Hagen, Linnea Ent. 12 (1858) 139-142. 
"Holmgren, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akademiens Handlinger 50, 2 (1913) 131. 
* Haviland, Journ. Linn. Soc. London 26 (1898) 401, 402. 
* Oshima, Annot. Zool. Jap. 8 (1914) 553-585; Philip. Journ. Sci. § D 9 
(1916) 351; 12 (1917) 217-225; 17 (1920) 489-512. 
*® Uichanco, Philip. Journ. Sci. 15 (1919) 59-65. 
