18, 5 Valencia: Commercial Philippine Timbers 497 
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Fig. 7.. Apparatus used in making tests in compression perpendicular to grain. 
and the amount of deformation produced by a given load is in- 
dicated by the deflectometer. Fig. 8 shows a typical load defor- 
mation diagram for tests in compression perpendicular to grain. 
This diagram also shows the method of correcting deflections for 
loads below the load at elastic limit when the straight-line portion 
of the curve does not pass through the origin. The corrected 
deflections are used in calculating the modulus of elasticity. 
SHEARING TESTS 
The method of making shearing tests used is indicated in fig. 
9. The block to the left shows the test specimen prepared with 
a projecting tongue which is to be sheared off parallel to the 
grain. The body of the block is held firmly in the shearing 
tool by means of set screws, the movable plunger bearing on 
the projecting tongue. When the specimen is in place the shear- 
ing tool is placed in the testing machine and the load is applied 
to the specimen by means of the plunger. The maximum load 
is the quantity desired in this test. 
