698 The Philippine Journal of Science 1921 
Male 18 cases Female 16 cases 
Right Left Right Left 
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Fic. 1. Varying positions of the kidneys in the two sexes in Filipinos ; thirty-four cases. 
of the second, while in females it was between the middle of 
the fifth and the lower third of the second lumbar. 
The highest level, therefore, reached in males was higher than 
in females by one-third of one vertebra, but the lowest level 
was the same in both sexes. ; 
The left lower pole in males was between the lower third 
of the fourth lumbar vertebra and the lower third of the second ; 
in females, between the disk of the fourth and fifth lumbar 
vertebre and the middle of the second. The highest female 
level was one-third of one vertebra higher than that of the 
males, while the lowest female level was lower than that of 
the males by the same extent. 
In terms of percentage, I found that the lower pole was at 
the level of the second lumbar vertebra in 50 per cent of the 
males, and in 43.7 to 50 per cent of the females, the tendency 
being downward in females and in the right side of males, and 
upward in the left side of the males. 
Piersol(3) states that the kidneys ordinarily are found Oppo 
site the twelfth dorsal and the upper two lumbar vertebre ; 
