! 



"The northern ridge extends from Cape Quitang westward on the 

 ridge leading to Bnenavista Peak (altitude. 1,168 meters) ; from thence it 

 follows the rim of the crater to Cabcaben Peak (altitude, 1,406 meters). 

 The southern boundary is the ridge which starts at Cape Margahas and 

 runs through Limay Peak to Caybubu Peak (altitude, 1,368 meters) and 

 on the rim of the crater. The western and northwestern boundaries of 

 the reserve are formed by lines which descend from Cabcaben on the 

 south and Caybubu on the north, meeting at the bottom of the crater, 

 near the headwaters of the Balanga River.' 5 



"Between the north and south ridges are two main rivers — the Lamao 

 and the Alangan. The Lamao River rises just south of the lowest point 

 of the rim of the crater which connects Bnenavista with Caybubu Peak. 

 From its source down to within 3.5 kilometers of the shore it lies in 

 a canon which varies in depth from 75 to 270 meters; below 3.5 kilo- 

 meters the latter feature of the river disappears." 



"The group of peaks known as Mount Mariveles is on the southern end 

 of the peninsula of land comprising the Province of Bataan, of the Tsland 

 of Luzon. The meridian of 120° 30' east of Greenwich and the parallel 

 of 14° 30' north latitude intersect the mountain near its summit. Rising 

 to the height of approximately 1,400 meters, it, with the Island of 

 Corregidor, is the most conspicuous feature of the landscape at the 

 entrance of Manila Bay." 



"The lithographic structure of Mount Mariveles shows it to be of 

 volcanic origin. It is a mass composed largely of andesitic ejecta and of 

 the decomposition products thereof. The physiographic features which 

 point to its being an extinct volcano are almost as striking. Rising from 

 Manila Bay on the east, from the China Sea on the south and west, 

 and from the lowlands near the central part of Bataan on the north, 

 are a series of prominent ridges ending in peaks, which, with their 

 connecting ridges, form a nearly circular chain — the rim of the former 

 crater which has an outlet to the north, by way of the Balanga River. 

 Between these peaks and just beneath the lowest point of the connecting 

 ridges are the sources of the main rivers draining the mountain ; the 

 latter have cut deep canons and have established many branches with 

 smaller ones." 



The general vegetative conditions of the Lamao Forest Reserve are 

 characteristic of large portions of the Philippines. From the coast, the 

 land slopes gradually npward, reaching an elevation of about 100 meters 

 at a distance of about 4.5 kilometers, where the sharper slopes of the 

 mountain are encountered. This gently sloping plain region is covered 

 with dense bamboo thickets and low, scrubby forests or thickets, consisting 

 of numerous species of small trees and shrubs, with an intermixture of 

 erect and scandent bamboo, vines, etc., and very few scattered large trees, 

 while here and there are open, grassy parks of varying size. Occasionally 

 one finds traces of cultivation and it is possible that much of this plain 

 region has been cultivated at one time or another. At the distance from 



