312 



cups, and even temporary cooking utensils; for fish traps, corrals, and 

 wiers; for carrying poles, walking slicks, musical instruments, pipes, 

 and pipostems ; fire-making apparatus, blowguns, arrows, and spear 

 handles; for rope, coarse and line hats etc. The young shoots of some 

 species are used for food, (iood drinking water is frequently found in 

 the hollow inlernodes. especially in the. climbing species [Dinochloa and 

 Schizophyllum) , and various parts of some species are used by the 

 natives in the practice of medicine. It is very probable that eventually 

 the more abundant species will he found to have considerable value as 

 a material for making paper. 



About 17 of the 225 species and varieties enumerated in the present 

 paper have been introduced into the Islands either because of their 

 economic value or accidentally as weeds. The most important of these 

 introduced species are the cultivated ones, Euchlaena luxurians Schrad., 

 Zea mays Linn., Saccharum officinarum Linn., Andropogon sorghum 

 Brot., Setaria itaiica Beauv., Oryza saliva Linn., and TrUvcum mlgare 

 Vill. Bambusa l>!unt<<tn>a Schultes, the most common building bamboo 

 in the Philippines, is apparently cultivated only, and not a native species. 

 Cenchrus echinatus Linn., Paspalum conjugatum Berg., and Chloris 

 barbata Xw.. have been introduced as weeds, probably all from tropical 

 America. 



Ahout It. species and varieties are endemic, including one monotypic 

 genus, Qarnotielh philippinensis Stapf. Thirty-two species are cosmo- 

 politan in the Tropics of the world, a few of them extending into the 

 temperate regions. Twenty-nine represent northern or Asiatic types, 

 the most characteristic of which are. Pollinia quadrin&rvis Hack., /'. im- 

 berbis var. willdenowiana forma monostachya Hack.. /'. nuda Hack.. 

 Ophiurus monostachyus Presl, Saccharum arundinaceum Retz., Ischae- 

 mum angustifolium Hack., Eremochloa ciliaris Merr., Arthraxon micro- 

 phyllus Hochst., .1. ciliaris, varieties, Arundinella setosa Trim. .1. agro- 

 stoides Trim, Digitaria pedicellaris Merr., Ism-Inn 1 debilis Rendle, Pani- 

 cum villosum Lam., Anthoxanthum luzoniense Merr., Aristida cuming- 

 iana Trim & Rupr., Agrostis elmeri Merr., Calamagrostis arundinacea 

 nipponica Hack.. ('. ftlifolia Merr., Eriachne triseia Nees, Coelachne 

 hackelU Merr.. Eragrostis japonica Trim. Poa luzoniensis Men 1 ., Bromus 

 pauciflorus Hack., and Brachypodium silvaticum Beauv.; of these, 

 Anthoxanthum, Agrostis, Calamagrostis, Poa, Bromus, and Brachypo- 

 dium are distinctly boreal. 



Ahout 12 represent Australian types, of which the following are known 

 only from Australia and the Philippines: Pollinia irritans Hack., Andro- 

 pogon fragtiis Hack., A. baUeyi P. Muell., Microlaena stipoides R. Br., 

 and Andropogon filipendulus var. lachnatherus Hack., Andropogon seri- 

 ceus and Rottboellia ophiuroides Benth. are known only from Australia. 

 New Guinea, and the Philippines. Perotis rara R. Br., Panicum <-ain/i</- 

 luine Hack.. I', uiindanaense Merr.. Ischaemum arundinaceum var. 



