294 MERRILL AND MERRITT. 
known as Aki, Bulbul, Natoo, Palugloko, and Panotoan, while in the 
distance is the eastward extension of the Polis Range, culminating in 
the high peak called Amuyao, distinctly visible to the northeast. Farther 
to the northeast the view is lost in the hazy distance of the great Cagayan 
Valley. ‘To the east a view is to be had of practically the entire Province 
of Nueva Vizcaya, limited to the south by the eastward extension of the 
central cordillera, the Caraballo Sur Mountains, and to the east by 
the distant coast range beyond the Cagayan Valley. In this view the 
Magat River and its larger tributaries are prominent. To the south, 
besides the naturally prominent spurs of Mount Pulog itself, are to be 
seen a series of prominent peaks of the central cordillera, such as Libung, 
Palansa, Puadan, and Ugo. Beyond the valley of the Agno River the 
great plain of Pangasinan extends southward to Manila Bay, bounded 
on the extreme west by the Zambales range, and limited to the south 
only by the indistinct sea and the fairly distinct outlines of Mount 
Mariveles, about 200 kilometers distant; Mount Arayat in Pampanga 
Province is distinctly visible. The view somewhat to the southwest 
shows the distinct outlines of Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas) and 
Mount Nias, the location of Baguio, and the ranges and valleys inter- 
vening between Mount Tonglon and Mount Pulog; beyond is the Lin- 
gayen Gulf, and in the near view the impressive valley of the Agno 
River, the stream being visible only for a short distance, about 2,000 
m below, near the village of Adouay. Directly to the west are the 
interior mountains of the coast range, the ridge averaging at least 
1,700 m in height, the peaks in places reaching 2,250 m in altitude; 
especially prominent is the high, broad ridge known as Pauai, with the 
still higher peak of Singakalsa a short distance to the north. To the 
northwest are the near mountains and ridges east of the Agno River, 
the more distant ones west of that stream, and still farther away the 
sharp peaks of the Malaya or Montserrat Range in Lepanto subprovince, 
south of Cervantes. At various places glimpses are to be had of the 
China Sea, but at no place to the west is the coastal plain of Luzon 
visible. 
TYPES OF VEGETATION. 
In the ascent of Mount Pulog four main types of vegetation are 
noted, the first three of which are characteristic of the entire Benguet- 
Lepanto region, the fourth being apparently entirely confined to Mount 
Pulog. The steep slopes leading up from the river are covered almost 
entirely with grass, although scattered broad-leaved shrubs and ‘small 
trees are found in the gullies and stream depressions; this grass- . 
covered area extends to an altitude of about 1,200 m. The second 
formation encountered is an open forest belt in which the pine (Pinus 
insularis Endl.) is the characteristic tree, which extends upward to an ; 
altitude of about 2,200 m. The third formation, the mossy forest, 
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