: 
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG. 299 
Presl, Schefflera spp., Clethra luzonica Merr., Diplycosia luzonica Merr., 
Rhododendron subsessile Rendle, Vaccinium spp., Ardisia spp., Disco- 
calyx philippinensis Mez, Loheria bracteata Merr., Rapanea philippinen- 
sis Mez, and Psychotria spp. 
A considerable number of herbaceous plants are noted, such as Viola’ 
topping Elm., Begonia merrittii Merr., Ellisiophyllum pinnatum Ma- 
kino, Peracarpa luzonica Rolfe, Rubus pectinellus Max., Boenninghau- 
senia albiflora Reichb., Sarcopyramis delicata C.' B. Rob., Coleus spp., 
Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall., Galium gaudichaudti DC., Gynura 
macgregorii Merr., Senecio luzoniensis Merr., Myriactis humilis Merr., 
Veronica monantha Merr., and others; among the grasses are Agrostis 
elmert Merr., Aniselytron agrostoides Merr., and some species of [sachne, 
and among the Cyperaceae a number of species of Carex. Nearly all 
the mosses and scale-mosses listed in the following enumeration, as well 
as the majority of the ferns and nearly all the orchids are from the 
mossy forest. | 
The upper limits of the mossy forest are sharply defined from the 
summit grass lands, being bordered by a very dense thicket consisting 
mostly of Rhododendron subsessile Rendle, Eurya spp., Symplocos sp., 
Daphne luzonica C. B. Rob., and especially a dwarfed bamboo, Arun- 
dinaria niitakayamensis Hayata, the last often forming pure stands. 
IV. THE SUMMIT GRASS LANDS. 
So far as.is known Mount Pulog is the only mountain in the Philip- 
pines that presents above the mossy forest a well-defined grass-covered 
area; in this character it differs remarkably from all the neighbor- 
ing mountains and high ridges. Above an altitude varying from 2,500 
to 2,600 m practically the entire top of the mountain is a large 
meadow. The soil is apparently deep and fertile, and rock outcrops 
are not numerous or extensive. An examination of one of the valleys 
‘showed an excellent sandy loam soil at least 30 cm in depth, and a 
bolo thrust into the ground below this gave no sign of underlying rock. 
Although the soil has every evidence of fertility, the Igorots state that no- 
cultivation has ever been attempted in this region. 
A very few scattered pine trees, Pinus insularis Endl., comprise the 
entire arborescent flora of this area, while shrubs are apparently confined 
to scattered individuals of Rhododendron subsessile Rendle, growing 
usually near rock outcrops. 
The turf covering this area is composed of a considerable number 
of grasses and sedges, intermixed with a few herbaceous plants, and 
this flora, from a scientific standpoint, is perhaps the most interesting 
one on the mountain. Among the grasses to be noted are the com- 
paratively coarse, widely distributed and here much dwarfed Miscanthus 
sinensis Andr., with the finer species, Anthoxanthum luzoniense Merr., 
96832——3 
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- ) aera YON ts 
