396 The Philippine Journal of Science 1914 
ant, its presence on the rim and below it inside the crater 
demonstrated that it could live there. To the northeast and 
to the northwest trees and parang were rapidly gaining over 
the grass. At the southern end of the island both grass and 
parang had spread, although they were far from being dense 
or widely distributed. Eastward and westward of the crater, 
vegetation had put in an appearance and was very sparingly 
present near the shore on the sides of gullies. 
Bananas were present in October, 1913, in the vicinity of the 
former towns, Pirapiraso and Binintiang, and by the following 
April were becoming abundant and spreading, while other cul- 
tivated plants had appeared in isolated patches. In October, 
1918, a few clumps of bamboo were present in some of the 
ravines on both sides of Mount Pirapiraso in the northeastern 
region. They were slightly more abundant in December, but 
by April, 1914, they had increased considerably in size and 
were reappearing in other localities both in the northeastern 
and northwestern regions. 
It is logical to expect that this development will go on, faster 
on the northern than on the southern sides, until the slopes are 
covered with vegetation, characteristically by trees and shrubs 
on the sides of ridges, while the crest is more likely to be occupied 
with grass, at least for some time to come, although ultimately 
even the crests should became forested. The development of 
the standard dipterocarp forest for these altitudes in this region 
is possible, although very improbable, for accidents in the shape 
of eruptions are likely to intervene before it has had a sufficiently 
long time to develop. Dipterocarps are present on Mount Ma- 
quiling, 34 kilometers to the northeast, but seeding takes place 
during the southwest winds. Even during a typhoon in June, 
1914, dipterocarp seeds were carried less than 0.5 kilometer 
from a parent tree on the grounds of the College of Agriculture. 
REGIONAL DESCRIPTION 
Mount Binintiang Munti, a low peak at the extreme southern 
end of Taal Island, is characterized by abundant rock outcrop. 
Very round-crested steep ridges of what appears to be cooled 
lava extend into the lake. The vegetation of the crests of these 
ridges is very similar to that of the strand, even at elevations 
considerably above lake level. Long runners of Ipomoea pes- 
caprae spread over the crest of the ridge and extend upward 
to elevations greater than 25 meters. While Canavalia lineata 
is not absent, it is conspicuously less abundant. Wedelia biflora 
and Vernonia cinerea, a weed, occasionally are present. At 
