36 COPBLAND. 



ovate, serrate; veinlets simple; sori medial or above the middle of the 

 lowest veinlets, but the upper ones close to the costa, indusium wanting. 

 Nearly related to this species are C. formoaana, . I. ilubia, C. atropurpurea, 

 C. ratnispina, G. pudophylla, C. recommutada, and C. Hancockii. The 

 Celebes plant is larger than that found elsewhere in Malaya, but even it is 

 smaller than most tree ferns; a confusion of species is probably respon- 

 sible for the report of trunks 18 m high in India. 

 Malaya, India, China, Formosa. 



17. Cyathea atropurpurea Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 354. 

 (Plate XVIII.) 



Trunk 2 m high, 4 cm in diameter; frond 150 cm long, 60 cm wide; 

 stipe and rachis purple, unarmed, the base of the stipe clothed with long, 

 rigid, appressed paleae with pale margins, and bearing some very reduced 

 pinnse almost without lamina, but not spine-like; rachises bearing purple 

 hairs above and very sparse squamulse beneath ; pinnules 7 cm long, cau- 

 date, at the base cut to the rachis and the secondary pinnules contracted 

 at the base, margins serrate, costae hairy above, beneath bearing bullate 

 scales, as do also the costules, lamina smooth, purplish-green ; veinlets 

 simple, about 5 on a side; sori costular, indusium wanting. 



Mount Halcon, Mindoro, alt. 750 to 1,050 m, common on ridges. 



18. Cyathea ramispina (Hooker) Copel. (Alsophila ramispina Hooker, Syn. 

 Fil. (1866) 42). 



Frond dark-green above, paler beneath ; stipe subasperous, ebeneous, as 

 are also the rachises and costae, scaly at base and bearing 3 to 5 branched, 

 black spines 4 cm long; pinnules 6 cm long, 12 mm wide, cut two-thirds 

 to the costa, costa beneath bearing minute, brown, bullate scales ; lobes 

 oval-oblong, obtuse, serrate toward the apex; veinlets mostly simple; sori 

 small, costular, exindusiate. 



Borneo (Sarawak, alt. 900 m). 



19. Cyathea ridleyi (Baker) Copel. (Alsophila ridleyi Baker in Ann. Bot. 8 

 (1894) 122). 



Fronds ample, deltoid, tripinnatifld, somewhat rigid, green and glab- 

 rous on both sides; rachis naked, dark-chestnut, unarmed; pinna? 30 cm 

 long, oblong-lanceolate; pinnules 3 to 5 cm long, 8 to 12 mm wide, 

 sessile, linear, subobtuse, base truncate, the lower ones cut halfway to the 

 costa; segments oblong, entire; veinlets 4 to 6 on a side, evident, curved, 

 simple or the lowest forked; sori medial, exindusiate. Related to C. 

 recommutata and C. squamulata, 



Singapore. 



20. Cyathea recommutata Copel. nomen novum (Alsophila jcommittata Mett. 

 1863, not C. commutata Spr. ). 



Frond hard-coriaceous, brown when dry ; stipe scaly, rough at base, and, 

 like the rachises, dark-purple, subulate-squamulose ; pinnae stalked, 40 

 cm long; pinnules about 8 cm long, broadest above the middle, stipi- 



