xv, i Shufeldt: The Monkey -eating Eagle 39 



the vertebral arteries are, in all instances, entire — that is, with 

 respect to their osseous walls; on the other hand, the carotid 

 canal is an open passage for the arteries of that name in the 

 fifth to the ninth cervical vertebra, inclusive (Plate III, figs. 3, 

 5, 7, and 8). 



All of these cervical vertebrae are very large and strong — 

 indeed, quite massive in character. When present, the neural 

 spine is situated just within the posterior margin of the bone; 

 it is directed backward and upward in the third vertebra; is 

 vertical and peglike in the next following one', with broader and 

 triangular base in the next three (fifth to seventh inclusive), 

 wherein it moves forward to the middle of the neural arch, the 

 angle being situated anteriorly, and either side being directed 

 backward and outward. 



In the third cervical the prezygapophyses and postzygapophy- 

 ses are joined by a plate of bone, in which appears, on either side, 

 a small elliptical foramen; this foramen in the next following 

 vertebra becomes an extensive subelliptical notch, being reduced 

 to a minute spine on either side in the fifth vertebra. 



Returning to the matter of the neural spines, we find that 

 the broad, triangular form they assume — described in a previous 

 paragraph — persists in the eighth to the twelfth vertebra, in- 

 clusive. Here they are more massive and occupy an extreme 

 posterior position, on - the several remaining vertebrae of this 

 series. On the twelfth the spine begins to assume the form of 

 the neural spine as we find it in the leading dorsals, while in 

 the thirteenth and the fourteenth not only are the neural spines 

 in agreement with those processes in the thoracic vertebrae, but 

 they present almost all the other characters of that series. 

 In the midcervical series, the pleurapophyses are short and 

 stumpy. 



The rather massive prezygapophysial processes in the fifth 

 cervical face directly upward ; in the sixth they look inward and 

 backward, and they maintain this position to include the ninth. 

 In the rest of the series they face inward again. The "carotid 

 canal" is present and open in the fourth to the eighth cervical, 

 inclusive, being most nearly closed in the last one named. 



Coming to the dorsal vertebrae (Plate IV), we find them very 

 closely interlocked in articulation, with long, spinelike me- 

 tapophyses on the last four of the five which occur in this section 

 of the spinal column. The haemal spines are stumpy and short, 

 being entirely absent on the last two dorsals. The neural canal 

 is cylindrical in form; the facets for each pair of ribs are entire 



