xv, 4 Oshima: Formosan Termites 361 



that the crude oil contains 7 per cent phenols and 10.5 per cent 

 of acids. The result of a fractional distillation of the acids is 

 given in Table XX. 



Table XX. — Fractional distillation of the acids. 



Distiliinsr point; Yield 



pressure, A mm. , Per >;,■.'.,. 



°C. 



115 to 155 38 



155 to 175 30 



, Residue 30 



These acids seem to belong to the fatty acids. But at present 

 nothing can be said about their chemical properties. 



Baker and Smith s made an investigation of the phenol, and 

 the name callitrol has been proposed for it. As these authors 

 did not give the data in detail, it is hard to identify this phenol. 

 However, the color reaction briefly stated by them is indicated 

 in the phenol obtained by the above-mentioned method. It is 

 reasonable, therefore, to treat the present phenol as callitrol. 

 The result of a fractional distillation of the phenol is given in 

 Table XXI. 



Table XXI. — Fractional distillation of the phenol. 



Distilling point ; Yield 



pressure, 4 mm. p er cen t. 



'C. 



125 to 135 15 



135 to 155 .7 



155 to 165 48 



Residue 30 



According to the statement by Mr. Kafuku, the presence of 

 eugenol in the first fraction is undeniable. He states also that 

 the empirical composition of the third fraction approximates 

 Ci 8 H 28 2 . 



As shown, the volatile constituent of cypress pine is mainly 

 guajol, a sesquiterpene alcohol, which is said to be highly 

 antiseptic. In order to prove the effect of this oil practically, 

 the crude oil separated from resinous substances was dissolved 

 in alcohol and injected into Japanese pine, which is most liable 

 to the attack of termites. After entirely evaporating the alcohol, 

 the treated blocks were buried in ground infested by Coptotermes 

 formosanus. Although the controls, that is, untreated wood spec- 

 imens, were seriously attacked within only one week, the treated 

 ones were not attacked during one year (Plate XI, fig. 2, a, o). 



"Baker, Richard T., and Smith, Henry G., A research on the pines of 

 Australia. Technological Museum, New South Wales (1910) 63. 



