Galium. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 35 
Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems diffuse, much branched, tetragonal. Leaves oppo- 
site, usually furnished with 1-2, rarely 3-4, stipules on both sides, which are very 
like the leaves, forming 4-10-leaved whorls. Flowers small, greenish-white or pale- 
yellow. Berries black, rarely red or white.— Name from ruber, red ; in allusion to 
the red colour of the roots, which yield the dye called Madder. 
Leaves petioled, membranaceous, cordate-acuminate  ... ... ... (1) cordifolia. 
Leaves petioled, subcoriaceous, cordate-acute ... ... ... ... ... (2) petiolaris. 
Leaves sessile, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, coriaceous... (3) peregrina. 
1. R. cordifolia (Linn. mant. p. 197); leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolate, 
cordate-acuminate, 5-nerved, membranous, beset with prickles on the 
middle nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of stems; panicle longer than 
the leaves ; flowers tetramerous or pentamerous, R. cordifolia, et mun- 
jista, DC. l. c. p. 588. R. petiolaris, H. Z. n. 2320, ex pte. Drege, 7669. 
Has. In Caffraria, £. § Z.; Drege. Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 405, Gerr. ¢ WK. 
561, 562, Krauss. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.) 
Stem several feet long. Larger leaves 1-14 inch long, 7-1 inch broad, not cori- 
aceous, much veined. Panicle 3-4 inches long, trichotomous. Lobes of corolla 
ovate-acuminate. Berries black. 
2. R. petiolaris (DC. 1. c. p. 588) ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, petiolate, 
cordate, acute, 3-nerved, or the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, I-nerved, 
rather coriaceous, beset with prickles on the middle nerve, margins, pe- 
tioles and angles of stem; panicle abbreviate ; flowers tetramerous or 
pentamerous, 
Var. a. isophylla; all the leaves cordate-acute. R. cordifolia, Thunb. / fl. cap. 
p. 151, non Lin. Zeyh. n. 2721. R. petiolaris, E. Z. ex pte. 
Var. 8. heterophylla; lower leaves cordate, upper ones oblong-lanceolate or lan- 
ceolate. R. petiolaris, DC. l. C. 
Has. Among shrubs on the sea shore near Algoa Bay, Port Elizabeth, and at 
the mouth of the Vanstadensrivier, Thunb. E. § Z. Drege. Dec. Var. B. on the great 
Vetriver, Burke § Zeyh. 774. March. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd. 
Stem ascending, about 1 foot—in Var. B. apparently 2 feet and more high, much 
branched, Leaves serrato-scabrous, 4—6 lines long, 3~5 lines broad, the upper ones 
in var. 8B. 3-1 inch long, 1-1} lines broad. Petioles the length of the leaves or 
longer, tetragonal. Panicle mostly few-flowered, in var. 8. more ; the 
Ls ga us, spreading. Flowers as in R. cordifolia. Berries black. —It is 
from the by much smaller, coriaceous, not wringer 
waat avis and a different habit. 
3. RB. peregrina (Lin. Spec. p. 158) ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, perma- 
nent, sessile, /anceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 1-nerved, veinless, shining 
above, smooth, but scabrous from hooked prickles on the margins and 
along ‘the angles of the stem; peduncles axillary, 3-chotomous. ngl. 
Bot. t. 851. R. anglica, Huds. R. lucida, Linn. R. levis, Thunb. A. cap. 
p. 151. R. lucida, var. 8. herb. Thunb. 
Has. Cape, Thunbderg. (Introduced from Europe.) 
XXIV. GALIUM, Scop. 
Calyx with an ovate-globose or oblong tube, and hardly any limb. 
Corolla 4-parted, rotate, rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, short. Styles 2, 
short. Fruit didymous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry, compone of 2 
indehiscent 1-seeded mericarps. DC. prodr. 4, p. 593. 
5 
