258 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Helipterum. 
or obovate, acute or obtuse, callous-tipped, woolly canescent on both 
sides, imbricating and very erect, or squarrose, the uppermost often 
bearing membranous scales or reduced altogether to scales ; heads soli- 
tary, erect ; inv. turbinate or campanulate, radiating, scales rosy or 
red-brown and white, the outer ovate, sessile; medial stipitate, lanceo- 
late-acuminate, very innermost short, obtuse, truncate or bidentate. 
Helichrysum canescens, Willd. Thunb.! Cap. 663. Less.! Syn. 318. 
Xeranth, canescens, Linn. Bot, Mag. t. 420. 
Var, 8. imbricatum; dwarf, ramulose; leaves very small; outer and medial inv. 
scales red-brown ; inner white. HH. imbricatum, Th./ Cap. 663. H. canescens, var. 
microphyllum, Sond.! in Linn. 23, p. 66. 
- Has. Western and N. W. districts, frequent. 8. Cape, Thunberg/ Klynriver’s 
Berg, Zey./ 2852. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) 
Stems 3 inches to 1-2 ft. high, straggling, variably branched. Leaves rarely 1 
inch, commonly 3-4 lines long, very variable in size and shape, sometimes spreading, 
but most commonly erect and close-pressed, the uppermost depauperated. Heads 
when fully open an inch across. Inv. scales either pure white, rosy, deep red or 
mottled with red, brown and white. De Candolle enumerates 6 varieties, differing 
slightly in foliage and colour of involucre. The most distinct is Thunberg’s H. im- 
bricatum, with brown and white involucres and very small leaves. 
5. H. ferrugineum (Sond. and Harv., nec Less.! nec DC.!); stem 
robust, suffruticose, sparingly branched ; branches virgate, closely leafy 
throughout ; leaves (rather small), oblong, subacute, callous-tipped, 
woolly canescent on both sides, imbricating, erecto-patent, the upper- 
most reduced to membranous scales; heads solitary, erect, many-fl. ; 
inv. campanulate, radiating, the scales lemon-yellow or tawny, lancco- 
late-acuminate, the innermost short, acute or acuminate. Xeranthemum 
Serrugineum, Lam. Enc. IIT. p. 237, fide Willd.! Herb. No. 15530. Heli- 
chrysum ferrugineum, Pers. Syn. 2, 414? (not of Less. Syn.) “ H. canes- 
cens, an var. imbricat.? b.” Herb. Drege. Helipterum spinulosum, Turcz.! 
Bull. Mose. 1851, p. 197. 
Has. Cape, Mundt! E. § Z./ Drege! (Herb. Sond., Hook.) 
Nearly allied to H. canescens, from which it differs by its rather larger fl. heads, 
yellow involucre, and all the scales, even the innermost acuminate. I adopt this as 
the true ferrugineum on the authority of sheet No. 15,530 of Herb. Willd., compared 
by Dr. Sonder with E. d& Z.’s specimens. H. ferrugineum, Less.! Syn. 317, described 
evidently from a specimen in Herb. ‘Thunb., and at first named “ Helichrysum citri- 
num” by Lessing, is our H. citrinum. H. ferrugineum, DC. (according to the dis- 
tributed specimens of Z. § Z. and Drege) is Helichrysum squamosum, Thunb. 
6. H. virgatum (DC.! 1. c. 213); stem suffruticose, much branched ; 
branches virgate, closely leafy beyond the middle, pedunculoid upwards, 
densely woolly as well as the leaves; leaves narrow-oblong, half-clasping, 
subacute, callous-tipped, concave or infolded, one-nerved, thick, the 
uppermost minutely scale-tipped; heads solitary, peduncled, 12-15-fl., 
erect; inv. campanulate, loosely imbricate, radiating, the scales shining- 
lemon-coloured, the outer broadly ovate, short, obtuse, the inner oblongo- 
lanceolate, acute or subacute. Helichrysum virgatum, Willd. Less.! Syn. 
318. Th.! Cap. 663, ex pte. Pteronia pauciflora, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1697- 
Has. Thunberg! Bosjesvelde, Mundt! Swellendam, Ezelbank and 
fifeiieg bs, Drege! (Herb. Th, D., Hk.) age 
1-1} feet high, sometimes very bushy. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1-2 lines wide, 
