Xenismia. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 447 
foreigner or outlier, because this plant is the only plant of the group Milleriee, in 
which DC. arranges it, which is found in Africa, the rest being American, 
1. X. acanthosperma (DC. 1. c.) 
Has. Kaus mountains, near Goedemanskraal, Rustbank, and Kookfontein, 3000- 
4000 f., Drege. 
We are unacquainted with this plant. By the — it seems allied either 
to Dimorphotheca or to Oligocarpus. a 
Tribe 5. CYNAREAL. Flower-heads either homogamous, or heterogamous, the 
ray-fl. in 1 or more rows, female or neuter; sometimes dicecious. Jnvolucre commonly 
of dry and rigid, or of prickly-toothed scales. Recept. often honeycombed, and fim- 
brilliferous. Style suddenly thickened toward the apex, and often hispid at the 
thickening ; its branches convex, either partially cohering or separate, minutely 
downy on the outer surface, or glabrous. Habit various. (Gen. 125-146.) 
Sub-tribe 1. AroToTipEZ. Heads commonly radiate, rarely homogamous and 
discoid ; ays uniseriate, female or neuter. <Anthers minutely tailed. Achenes beak- 
less, turbinate, with a terminal, flattened disc, often villous, either with or without 
pappus. Pappus, when present, of broad or narrow, membranous scales (except in 
Heterolepis, where it consists of barbed bristles). (Gen, 125-140.) 
1. Arctotee : Inv. sc, unarmed, er the outer herbaceous, inner scarious or 
membrane-edged, obtuse. Heads radia — 
Ray-flowers female, producing price 
Achenes with two collateral cavities at back : 
Pappus of 8 or more membranous scales ... (125) Arctotis. - 
Pappus none, or of few minute squamules ... (126) Venidium. z 
Achenes solid (no dorsal cavities) : 
Pappus of several very delicate, narrow scales : 
Filaments of stamens scabrous... ... (127) Haplocarpha. .- 
Filaments of stamens smooth... ... ... (128) Landtia. : 
Pappus of 15-20, rigid, barbed bristles... (132) Heterolepis. 
Ray-flowers neuter, never having achenes : 
Pappus none ; achenes 4-sided_... (129) Arctotheca. 
ioe of several scales, hidden among the Jong, 
y hairs that closely cover the achene... ... (130) Cryptostemma. 
Props crown-like, ae crenate : achenes 
tomentose: 3. a cS (131) Microstephium. 
2. Gorteriee : Inv. sc., at least the outer and media pungent, and mostly spinous 
at the sides, more or less concrete, Heads either radiate or discoid; rays ag 
neuter. (Gen. 133-149.) 
Inv. sc. concrete into an urceolate cup, toothed or lobed round the apex : 
Achenes subglabrous ; pappus short, crown-like (133) Gorteria. 
Achenes very villous ; —_— of — delicate, 
toothed scales... (134) Gazania, 
Inv. sc. in two or many rows, concrete at base only : 
Pappus none ; achenes glabr., hidden in pits of the : 
receptacle .......... ... (135) Cullumia. 
Pappus crown-like, crenate ; “achenes glabrous ... (137) Stephanocoma. 
Pappus crown- ike, splitting into ——* achenes ase 
woolly ... is (136) Hirpicium. 
Pappus of many flat, separate ‘scales : 
Inv. se. in fwo rows; pappus uniseriate ; the 
se. fimbriate-plumose ... ne we. es. (140) Didelta. 
Iny. sc. imbricated in many TOWS : 
Pappus seales very much acuminate ... (139) Berkheya. 
Pappus se, obtuse or subacute, not fs at 
pointed pai =: (138) Stobeea, 
Sub-tribe 2. Muristacez, Heads ae eit rarely discoid ; rays in one 
