526 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) | Lactuea. 
Has. Waste ground near cultivation, throughout the Colony and in Kaffraria : 
introduced from the south of Europe. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) 
1-2 ft. high, the stems smooth or bristly, hollow, pale. Leaves very variable in 
their cutting. 
CXLIX. LACTUCA, Tourn. 
Heads several or few-flowered. nv. cylindrical, imbricate, calycled, 
2—4-seriate, the outer scales short. ecept. nude. Achenes flattened, 
wingless, abruptly produced into a slender beak. Pappus hair-like, 
very soft, soon falling off. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 133. 
Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, mostly glabrous. Heads generally panicled. 
Flowers yellow (or blue or purple). Pappus white or yellow. Name from Jac, milk ; 
from the milky juices of these plants. 
Mid-rib of leaves smooth ; achenes faintly one-nerved ... .... ... (1) Capensis. 
Mid-rib of leaves aculeate ; achenes strongly many-striate ... ... (2) Dregeana. 
1, L. Capensis (Thunb.! Cap. 614); quite glabrous ; stem erect, 
terete, smooth, simple at base, loosely panicled above ; leaves smooth 
on the midrib, the lower runcinate-pinnatifid or quite entire, narrow, 
acuminate, upper sagittate at base, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, entire ; 
_achenes with a single, slender or faint central rib, rather longer than 
the beak ; pappus pale-yellowish, rarely white. Less./ Syn. 135. DC. 
Ll, c. 136. Also Scorzonera Capensis, Th.! Cap. 141, et Th.! Herb. fol. 1. 
Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Uitenhage, F. § Z./ Zey.! 3083. Zuureberg, Kipplaat 
R., and Zw. Key, Drege! NHowison’s Poort, H. Hutton! Albert and Br. Kaffr., 
Cooper ! 653, 654. Thaba Unka, Burke! Near D’Urban, Natal, Gerr. ¢ McK.! 
es — Zey./ 1035. Wienen Country, Dr. Sutherland. (Herb. Th., 
‘Stem rigid, 1-2 feet high, leafy chiefly near the base, the upper leaves small and 
sparse, much-branched above. Leaves 3-5 in. long, seldom more than 4-5 lines 
wide, much acuminate; frequently quite entire and then linear-lanceolate. In 
Herb. Th., sheets 1 of “ Scorzonera Capensis” and sh. 2, 4, of “ Lact. Capensis” belong 
to this ; but sheet 1, 3 of Lact. Capensis belong to Sonchus Ecklonianus. Sheet 2 of 
‘* Scorz. Capensis” is also a Sonchus, but without its leaves. 
2. L. Dregeana (DC. 1. c. 137) ; stem erect, terete, simple at base, 
and more or less rough with bristles, panicled and glabrous above ; 
leaves with a prickly midrib, sagittate-half-clasping, the lower runcinate 
or runcinate or sinuous-toothed and rigidly ciliate the upper quite 
entire, linear-lanceolate, much acuminate ; achenes*multistriate, about 
equalling their beak. Drege, 3784. L. virosa, Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 614- 
Has. Cannaland, Thunberg! Zuureberg, Drege! Caledon R., Burke & Zeyher! 
Zey! 1037. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) 
_ Stem 2-3 ft. high, pale ; the taller specimens very much branched above. Cau- 
line leaves 4-9 in. long, 4-8 1. wide. Very near L. saligna and L. virosa, if suffi- 
ciently distinct from the latter. Cultivated specimens from Hort. Kew. and Hort. 
Hamburg have broadly oblong or obovate, ‘obtuse, toothed cauline leaves! altogether 
unlike those of the wild plant, as above described. 
CL. TARAXACUM, Hall. 
Heads many-fi. Inv. double, the outer sc. (or calycle) small, either 
appressed, spreading or reflexed, inner uniseriate, erect, all frequently 
callous-tipped. Recept. nude, Achenes oblong, striate, along the strix 
