XIV, 1 Lantin: Treatment of Typhoid Fever VAI 
TABLE I.—Sex incidence in typhoid fever. 
Sex. Cases. Deaths. 
Per cent. 
MiBIO 6S aah ee Sa ee 65 14 21.5 
GING Soria eae ey bee aie ee 33 5 15.1 
Weel is 2 ee 98 19 | 19.38 
| : ee cued 
Morbidity and mortality—Out of these ninety-eight cases 
there were nineteen deaths, a mortality of 19.38 per cent, a very 
discouraging if not alarming figure. It should be remembered, 
however, that many of the cases showed little prospect’ of re- 
covery, on account of their serious condition when admitted to 
the hospital. In fact, ten of the nineteen cases that died were 
considered hopeless on admission. Excluding these ten hopeless 
cases, therefore, reduces the mortality rate to 10.22 per cent. 
McCrae(31) gives 25 per cent as the mortality rate for British 
troops in South Africa; Curschmann,(5) 9 to 12 per cent; Os- 
ler,(837) 7 to 20 per cent in hospital practice, and 5 to 12 per 
cent in private practice; Rogers,(42) 16.3 per cent for white 
troops in the tropics and 26 per cent for Indians. In the Phil- 
ippines Chamberlain(3) places the mortality rate at 17.65 per 
cent for Filipgios and 16.8 per cent for white troops in the 
tropics. Gutierrez,(12) of the Philippine General Hospital, in 
analyzing one hundred twenty-five cases of typhoid fever in 
1913, gives 20.43 per cent; after excluding ten hopeless cases 
he gives a mortality rate of 13.13 per cent. 
Selection of material.—Selection of cases is fraught with no 
less difficulty. The varying degree of severity of infection in 
each case, and the fact that some individuals came early for 
treatment while others came later, rendered comparison a dif- 
ficult task. However, particular emphasis was laid on the se- 
verity of the individual case on admission. The cases were then 
grouped. It should be stated that the diagnoses in all these 
ninety-eight cases were established on clinical findings, and lab- 
oratory examination was then resorted to for confirmatory pur- 
poses. In each instance search was made for malarial parasites. 
Clinical grouping of cases.—These ninety-eight cases were 
divided into groups according to the apparent condition of the 
individual case on admission or after one or two days’ obser- 
vation in the ward. ‘Thus, cases that presented high fever and 
delirium, with or without complications, were classified as severe 
and toxic; those that presented high fever, with or without 
complications, but not apparently poisoned, were classified as 
