32 The Philippine Journal of Science 1919 
TABLE VIII.—Complications in control cases. 
Cases. 
Controls (after excluding 2 cases in which complications 
were present on admission) 6 
Sensitized vaccine treatment 6 
The above comparison differs somewhat from the results ob- 
tained by other investigators, such as Gay(9) and Waitz- 
felder,(48) who have claimed that vaccine therapy diminishes 
the incidence of complications. My results, however, are some- 
what similar to those of Whittington,(49) who found that well- 
controlled cases develop a smaller number of cases of compli- 
cations. The discrepancy between my observations and those 
of Whittington may be due to the fact that he observed a 
greater number of controls than I had available for treatment. 
Mortality.—The rate of mortality is very discouraging, if not 
alarming. There were five deaths out of twenty-one cases, a 
mortality of 23.8 per cent. If we exclude the two cases that 
I considered hopeless on admission, the rate of mortality will 
be reduced to 14.3 per cent. Only two cases were autopsied 
out of five deaths, and the anatomic diagnoses show the 
following: 
Anatomic diagnoses (autopsy findings of control cases). 
File No. 1749: I. §. ) 
Anatomic diagnosis: Acute ulcerative enteritis (typhoid) ; suppurative 
peritonitis following perforation; acute parenchymatous degeneration 
of the viscera; cardiac dilatation; oedema of the meninges. 
File No. 1834: B. C. 
Anatomic diagnosis: Acute enteritis (typhoid), congestion, and begin- 
ning necrosis; acute splenitis; acute lymphadenitis, mesenteric; 
acute dilatation of the heart; acute parenchymatous nephritis; 
parenchymatous degeneration of the heart and liver ; focal necrosis 
of the liver; chronic caseous lymphadenitis, bronchial; chronic fibrous 
pulmonary tuberculosis; emphysema, interstitial; ascariasis. 
Again, I have to state that the untreated control cases of 
Ichikawa(15) showed a mortality rate of 30 per cent in com- 
parison with my mortality of 14.3 per cent after two hopeless 
cases were excluded. 
SENSITIZED VACCINE ADMINISTERED INTRAMUSCULARLY 
Early in 1911 Metchnikoff and Besredka (27) advocated the 
use of living sensitized typhoid vaccine intramuscularly for pro- 
phylactic purposes and claimed to have secured excellent results 
thereby. Followers of this school have adopted that practice 
and have even gone so far as to use this form of vaccine as a 
