46 The Philippine Journal of Science 1919 
phenomena of Ehrlich’s side-chain theory. The undoubted 
success of prophylactic vaccine seemingly has given rise to un- 
restrained enthusiasm on the part of early investigators and 
has lead them to advocate its use for therapeutic purposes. 
This treatment, therefore, is the outcome of conscientious study 
in immunology and it is not a surprise that its followers should 
approach the question from that point of view. 
Early in the history of vaccine therapy, Jenner(16) discovered 
the efficacy of the treatment. Fraenkel(7) employed it thera- 
peutically for typhoid fever with good results. Wright(50) has 
advocated and emphazied the specificity of its action. Waitz- 
felder(48) has advanced the view that the treatment is “logical, 
scientific, and exact. It measures up to and beyond the expectant 
plan of treatment, the one in present use, in that it reduces 
mortality and shortens the period of illness.” Rodet (41) em- 
ployed immune typhoid serum injected intravenously in typhoid 
cases with excellent results. Ichikawa(15) used the intravenous 
injection of living sensitized typhoid bacilli with excellent re- 
sults. Gay(9) and Garbat(8) in using sensitized vaccine have 
upheld the specific theory. 
Mechanism of cure.—To explain the exact mechanism of cure 
with this form of treatment is exceedingly difficult, if not im- 
possible. However, the interpretation of the mechanism of the 
action of vaccine has been given most serious consideration by 
other investigators, who have advanced hypotheses which we 
may review. 
Thus, Garbat(8) believes that the curative effect of vaccine 
is due to the production of antiendotoxins as the result of 
stimulation by endotoxins that had been liberated into the blood- 
stream after the complement in the blood had combined with 
the bacilli. Ichikawa,(15) on the other hand, is inclined to the 
supposition that in the case of intravenous injection followed by 
chill, rise of temperature, and then crisis, we have phenomena 
of anaphylaxis, followed by antianaphylaxis, Gay and Chicker- 
ing (11) believe that the cure is due to specific hyperleucocytosis 
and increased formation of antibodies in the blood circulation. 
Koranyi(20) has observed increased opsonic index in the blood 
after vaccine injection. 
NONSPECIFICITY OF THE TREATMENT 
It is the tendency among workers along these lines to interpret 
the complex action of vaccine therapy through phases of im- 
munology and the specificity of its action. The Specific theory 
has been regarded by the dissenters as untenable, 
