XIV,1 Lantin: Treatment of Typhoid Fever 49 
be of equal degree of severity and occur during the same period 
of epidemic, and the same season of the year. When a physi- 
cian has the opportunity to handle a large number of cases at 
one time, and observe as closely as possible the factors enume- 
rated above, then and only then will a definite statement seem 
warranted. When laboring as I have done, under unfavorable 
circumstances, in which many of the ideal and necessary factors 
could not be obtained, to recommend a particular treatment as 
being the best would be premature, and unfair both to the ex- 
pounders of the several systems of therapy and to the treatment 
itself. There are, however, some clinical grounds for maintain- 
ing the view that any form of treatment will have beneficial 
effects, provided a moderate reaction can be produced. 
Let me lay emphasis on the principle of the early application 
of the treatment. The patients respond better during the early 
stage of the disease. In advanced cases the treatment is seldom 
‘productive of good results. 
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 
For a period of seven months, extending from August, 1917, 
to February, 1918, ninety-eight cases of typhoid fever were 
admitted to the medical department in the Philippine General 
Hospital. Twenty additional cases were admitted during that 
period, but these were not included in the present paper, because 
they were already either convalescent or in a dying condition 
on admission. These ninety-eight cases were all Filipinos, sixty- 
five males and thirty-three females, ranging in age from 14 
years up. The majority of the cases belonged to the working 
class and, as a rule, exhibited low powers of resistance, conse- 
quent on “their mode of life, under-development, and limited 
diet.” The mortality rate in these ninety-eight cases is 19.38 
per cent; but, excluding the hopeless cases, the death rate was 
10.22 per cent. 
These cases were classified according to their severity, the 
cases being grouped in series. Each series naturally comprised 
an unequal number of patients, was treated at different periods 
of the epidemic, and received different kinds of treatment. 
The treatment of the cases has been carried under two general 
groups; namely, (a) treatment with foreign protein, which in- 
eludes sensitized and nonsensitized vaccine, peptone, and milk; 
(b) treatment with colloidal preparation, such as colloidal gold. 
Table XXIII shows graphically the comparative results of the 
different treatments. 
