XIV, 8 Aguilar: The Lumbang-Oil Industry 279 
The method that has been developed in the Bureau of Science 
laboratory reduces somewhat the time and the labor involved in 
the preparation of the kernel and has no injurious effect on the 
oil. The nuts were heated in an oven at 95° C. for from three 
to four hours, dumped rapidly into cold water, and left over- 
night. The next morning the shells had burst, and the kernels 
were separated without difficulty. 
To eliminate the time and labor involved in removing the 
kernel from the shell, it has been suggested to crush and grind 
the nuts, and then express the oil from the ground mixture of shell 
and kernel. This procedure has been tried in several places and 
seems to be reasonable from the standpoint of economy of time 
and labor; however, I am more inclined to favor the method of 
extracting the oil direct from the kernel, because (a) about 20 
kilograms more oil per ton of nuts can be recovered from sepa- 
rated kernels than when the shell is ground with them, and (b) 
the fertilizing value of the cake, which Chinese manufacturers 
now sell at a good profit, will be very much reduced when shell 
is included in it, as will be shown later. 
An idea of the commercial advantage of either of these methods 
over the other can be obtained by comparing the product of one 
factory utilizing kernels with that of another factory utilizing 
nuts for the expression of oil. 
Before describing these two methods of procedure, it is inter- 
esting to note the variation existing in the kernel content of the 
different lots of lumbang bato nuts from Cavite Province. This 
variation is probably due to the age of the nut-bearing trees and 
the length of time the nuts lay uncollected on the ground. 
TABLE I.—Moisture content of nuts and percentage of kernels referred to 
the weight of dry nuts. 
‘4 Kernels | 
Fresh | Moist-| Dry | from |Kernels 
nuts. wate nuts. dry tate 
: nuts. 
g. Pict. g. g. P, wt; 
8,000 19| 2,430 845 | 34.77 
2, 000 22| 1,560 561 | 35.96 
2,000} 676 | 83.80 
Steere, Caters 2, 000 652 | 32.60 
2, 000 685 | 34.25 
2, 000 10} 1,800| 589 | 32.73 
DP VOPEGS io. ca etalon eccse $4. 02 
In November, 1918, the price in Manila of lumbang bato nuts 
was 50 pesos per ton; kernels, 244 pesos per ton; and oil, 8.66 
