280 The Philippine Journal of Science 1919 
pesos per 5-gallon gasoline can. The average weight of 18.927 
liters (5 gallons) at ordinary temperature (30° C.) is 17.33 
kilograms. 
Using the above data as a basis of calculation the following 
results are obtainable for 1 metric ton of kernels: 
(1) Factory utilizing nut kernels for the expression of oil. 
Pesos. 
Yield, 560 kilograms of oil, expressed at a pressure 
of 800 kilograms per square centimeter; selling at 
8.66 pesos per can 279.83 
Yield of press cake, 440 kilograms; selling at 25 cen- 
tavos per kilogram 110.00 
Total 389.83 
Cost of 1 ton of kernels 244.00 
Gross profit 145.83 
(2) Factory utilizing whole nuts crushed for the expression of oil, 
Pesos. 
Yield 501.24 kilograms of oil, 20 kilograms of oil per 
ton of nuts less than in the former process, at a 
pressure of 800 kilograms per square centimeter; 
selling at 8.66 pesos per can 250.47 
2.988 tons of nuts (based on the average given in 
Table I), necessary to produce 1 ton of kernels, at 50 
pesos per ton 146.90 
Gross profit 103.57 
The fertilizing value of the cake from this process is very 
much reduced, as is shown in Table III. It is doubted if a 
market for it can be obtained; furthermore, the oil from this 
process, while the same chemically, is relatively dirtier and 
harder to clarify than is that from the former. 
The above results conclusively show the advantage of the first 
method over the second from a commercial standpoint, especially 
until a definite market is established for the cake from the latter. 
As many factors enter into any calculation of the cost of opera- 
tion, it is difficult to furnish approximate and satisfactory data 
for the two processes. If the two factories were to operate in 
the same locality, under identical conditions, there is no doubt 
that the cost of production for the first factory would be rela- 
tively less. One large item of expense would lie in the fact that 
a factory utilizing nuts would need heavier crushers and larger 
presses and consequently more power, besides having to handle a 
greater bulk of material, thus lowering the daily output of oil 
and the general efficiency of the whole system. 
To form an idea of the quality of the lumbang kernels sold 
