XIV, 3 Aguilar: The Lumbang-Oil Industry 281 
in the market at prices ranging from 18 to 19 pesos per 75 
kilograms, four different samples were secured from which the 
oil was expressed and analyzed; the results obtained are presented 
in Table II. 
TABLE II.—Quality of kernels sold in Manila. 
Oil. 
Sample No. Kernel color. Res | 
ased on Acid 
kernel. Color. value, 
P. ct 
fe RAB na ing ee Rat A SANG oe ee 55 Light colored ._.._---- 27.63 
eaten ie aaa caus Disa ty g1 ereing  anmeeenr ones 50 | Light brown--_.------- 224,75 
a ee aes Oe eclacnkn RE RE OER ESC Bi IN ee ee 266. 53 
Dts oe ca hema a ee Gh. ccs ve ese G8 42S C6 Se 272. 28 
«Milligrams KOH used to neutralize 1 gram of the oil. 
Table III shows an analysis of oil expressed from fresh kernels 
as compared with two grades of oil obtained from the market. 
TABLE III.—Constants of three samples of oil. 
Oils obtained from 
Oil expressed the market. 
from fresh 
kernels. 
GradeI.| Grade II. 
UAH. oe ease a ne wcones light colored | brown | dark brown 
Spetite wravity at 1b, 60 Co ss os oc 0.9261 | 0.9253 0, 9237 
Saponification value ___._____. aig See ee gah Cee eR A 188 198 194 
elie inner oe oe ee a eo Ca seacte ae 154 157 160 
FO chet 2 aetna Stair Vinee etn 7 aie ein Cea vem per een 0.55 64. 25 106. 48 
The results shown in Table III indicate clearly that the pre- 
paration of the kernel is one of the most important points to be 
taken into account in the manufacture of lumbang oils. Pro- 
longed heating at high temperatures produces brown kernels, and 
consequently a brown oil that is high in free fatty acid, as shown 
by the acid values of samples 2, 3, and 4, in Table Il. Long 
storageof the kernel also causes deterioration in the value of its 
oil content; for it is readily attacked by small black beetles, thus 
reducing the available amount of oil; and the oil content becomes 
more and more acid without any perceptible change in the ap- 
pearance of the kernel or in the oil extracted. Sample 1, Table 
II, has the same appearance as the kernel prepared in the labor- 
atory. Freshly prepared kernel, therefore, is the best material 
for the expression of oil. 
To determine the change in the amount of free fatty acids of 
