XIV, 5 Uichanco: Philippine Plant Galls 529 
~ OBJECT AND METHODS 
Very little is known about Oriental galls, the only noteworthy 
treatise on the subject being the series of articles on Javanese, 
Sumatran, and Celebes galls by W. and J. Docters van Leeuwen- 
Reijnvaan. These publications are almost purely botanical in 
their nature, the causal animal being merely mentioned in pass- 
ing in practically all cases. On account of the very close re- 
semblance existing between the fauna and the flora of the 
Philippines and those of the Dutch East Indies, I found in the 
works of the authors just mentioned much valuable assistance 
in the preparation of the present paper. 
In the Philippines the subject of plant galls is one which 
covers an absolutely virgin field, practically no attention having 
been paid to these curious abnormalities in this country. Al- 
though including many new and interesting species, the results 
of the present investigation do not pretend to be anything more 
than a mere breaking of ground for a future more thorough and 
comprehensive series of investigations along this line. This 
branch of research bids fair to be highly productive of results in 
the way of elucidating obscure facts relative to these interesting 
formations. 
In gathering the materials for the study of galls, excursions 
were made to points in the vicinity of Los Bafios, Laguna Prov- 
ince, Luzon, and especially to the thickets adjoining the college 
farm, the forests of Mount Maquiling, Balong Bulo Hill (near 
the college farm), the adjoining lowlands and valleys, and along 
the banks of Molauin Creek. The forests around Los Bafios 
Falls and the thickets at the outskirts and in the barrios of Bay, 
Los Bafios, Calamba, Cabuyao, Santa Rosa, and Bifian were vis- 
ited several times and search made for galls. The materials 
were brought fresh into the laboratory and, as soon as possible, 
before the galls wrinkled up or otherwise became discolored or 
distorted, photographs were taken (to show the natural appear- 
ance of the galls on the parts of the plant attacked), preliminary 
descriptions made, and specimens saved in a medium of which 
the following is the formula: 
Parts. 
Water 48 
95 per cent alcohol 48 
40 per cent formaldehyde (formalin) 4 
Large-sized homeopathic vials or wide-mouthed dispensing 
bottles of convenient dimensions and with tight-fitting corks 
served as preserving vessels. Each bottle or vial had the acces- 
sion number written on the cork and on the labels that accompa- 
