XIV, 5 Uichanco: Philippine Plant Galls 531 
the present experiments were most disappointing; in almost all 
trials the adult insects would not readily enter the test tubes, 
barely 5 per cent of those that emerged in the box having been 
captured in this manner. 
With certain plants artificial breeding in the laboratory 
was found to be impracticable. The leaves of many species of 
Ficus, for example, dry up in less than an hour after being 
removed from the tree and placed under ordinary laboratory 
conditions; when confined in a vessel with a supersaturated 
atmosphere, decay readily sets in, or the material soon becomes 
moldy. The same is true with Astronia and certain other plants 
that grow at high altitudes. When the plant was conveniently 
near the laboratory, the galls were encased in muslin on the 
tree, so as to prevent the escape of the adults when they 
emerged; and daily inspection was made of these. However, 
in the case of the psyllid galls on the leaves of Ficus ulmifolia 
Lam., a badly infested plant of which happened to grow in close 
proximity to the entomological laboratory, the specimen was 
left without any cover. On examining the plant, it was found 
on January 25, 1917, after about two months’ daily visits, that 
some of the galls were newly opened. On that day the plant 
was visited at frequent intervals, and it was discovered that 
the newly emerged adults, on growing stronger, had crawled 
over to the younger and softer tips of the branchlets, where 
they were easily caught in test tubes. For several days in 
succession captures were made in this manner. 
The thysanopterous gall makers were easily secured from 
their galls. Provided the galls were not too old, the insects 
could always be found within in all stages of growth. They 
were scared out of the galls by gently tapping the latter, and 
could then be brushed off into a vial of 70 per cent alcohol. 
The eriophyids were not so easy to secure on account of their 
habit of clinging fast to the hair tufts of the galls and also 
because of their exceedingly minute size. Several methods were 
tried, but the simplest process was to brush the animals onto 
the surface of a mirror by means of a small camel’s-hair brush, 
and then remove and mount them. 
In the attempts to breed the gall insects from their galls, 
some other specimens—that is, parasites, inquilines, ete.—were 
often found. At times two or more species of a gall-making 
family were bred out, and in this case it was not easy to decide 
which was the gall maker and which the inquiline. There oc- 
curred a number of other instances where it was exceedingly 
