33 
of the rostellum that by bending it downwards the pollinia are 
drawn out of their cases and. broken up. Supposing an insect 
crawling upon the rostellum or any other weight to perform this 
act, some of the pollen grains are pretty sure to be thrown upon 
their own stigmas. In the three first mentioned of these genera, 
at least, we find the species maturing an abundance of fruit, which 
in a measure confirms the idea that self-fertilization often takes 
place. But there is stronger evidence of the fact of self-fertiliza- 
tion in several species of Hadenaria. In H. tridentata, the rostel- 
lum, instead of being as in most species of Hladenaria, a solid 
shield interposing between the anther cells and a deep stigmatic 
cavity lying far underneath, is split into three club-shaped columns, 
standing one on each side of the cells and one between them, ris- 
ing to a level with the cells. The upper and inner surfaces of the 
two lateral columns are viscid and evidently stigmatic. The pollen 
is powdery and within easy reach of these contiguous stigmas. 
Curiously enough, too, when the anther cells dehisce, these stig- 
matic columns contract on their inner side, and may be said actually 
to lean over and help themselves to the pollen. Asa matter of 
fact the columns are known often to be penetrated even in the 
unopened flower by pollen tubes (Gray’s Man. Ed. 6, page 506), 
and they have been found still more common in the mature 
flower. This structure occurs to a greater or less degree in the 
allied species, H. integra and FH. nivea. With such facts as these 
before us, we should be cautious how we limit all Orchidaceous 
Species to a single mode of fertilization. 
Nomenclature. 
Calopogon, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, v. 204 (1813). 
This name is antedated by Cathea, Salisbury in Trans. Hort. 
Soc. i. 300 (1812), and by Limodorum, L. Gen. Pl. Ed. 2, 829 (1742), 
as well as by Helleborine, Martyn (1736). Kuntze, Revisio Generum 
Plantarum, 665, adopts the last name as having the right of prior- 
ity, but, taking as our starting point in nomenclature, the first edi- 
tion of Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum, 1753, we cannot follow him. 
Limodorum must be dropped also, because Ludwig (Definitiones 
Generum Plantarum, 1 737) had anticipated the Linnzan name of 
1742 by adopting Limodorum from Tournefort, in application toa _ 
different genus from that of Linnaeus. Therefore, we must drop _ 
