35 
how tangled is the synonymy when we come to search for 
priority. Kuntze in the volume already referred to cites Ludwig's 
name Limodorun as the original under his system of nomenclature, 
but that acute author has made a palpable mistake, for Ludwig 
adopts the name from Tournefort and a reference to Tournefort’s 
description and figure shows very clearly that he means a spurred 
plant belonging to the genus Orchis, and Ludwig himself (Def. 
Gen. Pl. Ed 2, 213) describes it as having a spur, which Lpipactis 
has not. Linnzus in his description of Orchis, Gen. Pl. n. 681, 
correctly cites Tournefort’s Limodorum as the same as his Orvchis. 
Linnzus’ Serapias (Gen. Pl. n. 683), which equals //e//eborine, Tour- 
nefort, included several genera, among them our Z/ipaciis, the origi- 
nal name being retained by Bentham and Hooker for several Medi- 
terranean species. Haller in 1742 (Enum. Stirp. i. 277) constituted 
the genus Epipactis, followed by Crantz in 1769, Allioni in 1785, 
and others. Richard afterwards still farther divided the genus, 
calling the plants without glands Cephalanthera. So that we have 
the three genera, Serapias, Epipactis and Cephalanthera, each of 
them legitimately applied to the species now bearing those names. 
The species of Epipactis occurring in Northeastern North 
America, should be designated as follows: 
E. viriprrtora (Hoff) 
Serapias viridifiora, Hoff. Deutsch. FI. ii. 182 (1800). 
E. latifolia, var. viridiffora, Irm. in Linnza xvi., 451 (1842). 
E. virdiflora, Reich. Fl. Exc. 134 (1830). 
£. Helleborine, var. viridens, Asa Gray, Bot. Gaz. iv. 206 (1879). 
E. Helleborine, A. Gray, Man. Ed. 6, 504, (1890) not Crantz. 
Dr, Gray in the volume of the Botanical Gazette referred to, notic- 
ing the recent discovery of the plant at Syracuse, New York, states 
that it is “exactly the Z. viridifiora of Reichenbach, well figured 
in the Icones Florae Germanic which peculiar as it seems to be, is 
reduced by Irmisch to a variety of £. Helleborine.” Singularly 
‘nough, he at the same time adopts Crantz’ varietal name (Z. Helle- 
borine, var. viridans.) Probably this was because he regarded the 
Plant as essentially equivalent to the £. /atifolia of Europe, which 
Linnzus had named Serapias Helleborine, var. latifolia, but the two 
are quite dissimilar, and Reichenbach had good reason for separ- 
ating them. “Our plant differs from that in having narrower, _ 
Ae ane, prea 
