90° 
interested in mollusca and collected the land and fresh water shells 
industriously. I have been repeatedly surprised at his familiarity 
with shells, but it is true that there was scarcely any group of 
natural objects with which he was not conversant. He was, in- 
deed, one of the “all-round” men of science, which the modern 
necessity for specialization has now made almost an impossibility. 
His academic education was obtained at the Western Reserve 
College, from which he was graduated in 1846. He then under- 
took the study of medicine at the Cleveland Medical College, and 
received the degree of M. D. from that institution in 1848. The 
next two years of his life were spent in study abroad, especially 
in Paris, and in 1851 he returned to Cleveland and took up the 
practice of medicine, which he continued for about four years. 
During this period he was continually increasing his knowledge 
of geology, zoology and botany, and his fondness for these sciences 
was so great that when, in 1855, the opportunity was afforded him 
of joining one of the government expeditions then engaged in 
trans-continental surveys for the determination of the most available 
route for a Pacific Railroad, he gladly accepted the position of 
geologist and botanist to Lieut. Williamson’s expedition to the 
Columbia River. The party sailed from New York on May 5, 
1855, arrived at San Francisco May 30, and on July 9 were camped 
at Benicia ready to begin active operations, which commenced the 
following day. The route lay through Suisun, Marysville, up the 
valley of the Sacramento River to Fort Reading, thence to the 
Lower Klamath Lake on the northern boundary of California, the 
Upper Klamath Lake in Southern Oregon, through the Cascade 
Mountains during September, reaching the Columbia River, opposite 
the place where the city of Portland now stands, on October9. 
Repeated trips of a few days each off the line of the main route 
were made, and large collections illustrating the natural history of a 
the region were collected, accounts of all of which were published 
by Dr. Newberry in Lieut. Williamson’s Report (Vol. vi. Rep. © 
Expl. and Surv. from Miss. River to Pac. Ocean, 1857), the pre- — 
paration of these accounts occupying his time for more than a 
year, during which he was located at Washington. Many of the 
plants collected came into the possession of Dr. Torrey, and are — 
in the Columbia College Herbarium. Dr. Newberry’s chapter 
