SEQUENCE OF ORDERS. xv 
a 
CXI, PHYTOLACCACEA (page 454). Perianth herbaceous or 
coriaceous, rarely membranous, 5-lobed, usually persistent. 
Stamens hypogynous, 3-25; filaments sometimes connate at 
the base. Carpels 2 to many, free or united ; styles as many 
as the carpels, free or united at the base. Radicle inferior or 
descending. (Shrubs or herbs, rarely trees. Leaves alternate, 
eastipulate. Flowers usually racemose, small or medium-sized, 
green or whitish.) | 
CXII, POLYGONACE (page 459).  Perianth herbaceous, 
membranous and often coloured, rarely adhering to the base. 
of the ovary. Stamens perigynous, usually a few more than 
the perianth-segments ; filaments free or connate at the base. 
Ovary 1-celled, l-ovuled; styles or style-arms 2-3. Fruit a 
trigonous or lenticular nut. Radicle superior or ascending. 
(Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate; petiole dilated into a 
membranous sheath below. Flowers small, racemose or axillary.) 
Series ii. Muxriovutarm Agquaticm. Submerged herbs. Ovary 
syncarpous, 1—3-celled; ovules numerous. 
CXIII. PODOSTEMACE (page 482). Perianth small or 
absent. Stamens 1 to many ; filaments free or united. Ovary 
superior, cells or placentas 2-3. Seeds exalbuminous. (Sub- 
merged herbs of various habit, often resembling mosses, foliaceous 
or frondose hepaticee or lichens.) © 
Series iiii Muttiovutar® Terrestres. Terrestrial parasitic 
herbs (in the South African genera). Ovary syncarpous ; 
ovules numerous. 
CXIV. CYTINACEZE (page 485). Ovary inferior, 1-celled in 
the South Atfrican genera, with parietal or pendulous placentas, 
or ovuliferous all over. Seeds exalbuminous. 
Series iv. MicremMBRYEx. Ovary syncarpous or apocarpous, or of 
a single carpel ; ovules solitary in South African genera. Seeds 
with abundant fleshy or floury albumen ; embryo very small. 
CXV. PIPERACE (page 487). Ovary superior, 1-celled, 
l-ovuled. Stamens 2-4. Flowers hermaphrodite in the South 
African genera, very small. (Herbs or shrubs, erect or climbing. 
Leaves alternate, opposite cr whorled, stipulate or exstipulate. 
_ Inflorescence spicate or racemose.) 
CXVa. MONIMIACEZE (page 492). Ovary superior, 1-celled, 
or carpels several, distinct. Stamens 10-15. Flowers dicecious 
in the only South African genus. (Shrubs or small trees. 
Leaves subopposite, minutely pellucid-punctate. Inflorescence 
racemose.) » 
