56 ACANTHACE® (Clarke). [ Justicia, 
posticous lip entire or shortly 2-lobed, anticous lip 3-lobed ; palate 
often with spots or transverse wrinkles, Stamens 2; one anther-cell 
below the other, tailed at the buse (but, in J. mutica and J. 
campylostemon, the anther-cells are nearly at equal height and the 
basal tail is absent or most minute) ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples, 
longitudinally banded, the rows of tubereles various, Ovary with 
2 ovules in each cell; style thinly hairy or glabrous, branches 
minute. Capsule 4-seeded ; stalk usually short ; placenta not rising 
elastically from the base ; seeds tubercular-rugose. 
Herbs or shrubs ; leaves entire or obscurely wavy ; flowers white with purple or 
rose spots, or in a few species yellow; iuflorescence very varied, on which variety 
the sections below are grounded; bracts in the first section large (the flowers in 
strobilate spikes), more commouly small, narrow ; bracteoles generally smull, 
narrow. Justicia, as here defined, differs from Adhatoda by the basal tail to the 
lower anther-cell (which character fails us in the 2 species of Justicia above 
mentioned) and in habit. 
Species 200, throughout the warmer parts of the World ; or at least 300 if 
(as proposed by Lindau) the genus Dianthera be sunk in Justicia. The genus 
Isogicssa (here admitted) differs by having a slender corolla-tube and globose 
(not ellipsoid) pollen. It is difficult to estimate the number of species in these 
closely-allied genera without a revision of the species of the World. 
Section 1. Berronica. Spikes strobilate; floral leaves ovate, often somewhat 
4-ranked, often (always in the Cape species) reticulated with green veins. 
Petioles often 4-4 in. long... ae de --. (1) Betonica. 
Petioles absent or nearly so: 
Stems and leaves hairy ... sii 
Stems glabrous ; leaves glabrate : 
Leaves 14 by 4 in., ovate-oblong ... .. (3) trinervia. 
Leaves 1 by 4 in., lanceolate, acute ..» (4) pallidior, 
Leaves 24 by 3-4 in., narrowly oblong .., (5) cheiranthifolia, 
Section2, Rostentutarta. Flowers axillary, but running into terminal (not 
strobilate) spikes ; floral leaves much narrower than in Sect. Betonica. 
Leaves ovate or elliptic: 
yee «. (2) betonicoides, 
Flowers yellow... aa ie ay .. (6) flava, 
Flowers (not yellow) variously purple and 
white : 
Leaves up to 5 by 2 in., thin, green, 
glabrate ... ne ies a ... (7) petiolaris. 
Leaves rarely exceeding 2 in. long, thick, 
hairy : 
Calyx 4 in. long se bed -- (8) Bowiei. 
: Calyx 3 in. long oa ose --- (9) Burchellii, 
Leaves linear .., ae wes one oes ... (LO) sperguleefolia, 
Section 3. CaLopHaNoiDEs. Flowers axillary, scattered, solitary or 2-3 
clustered under 1 floral leaf, sometimes approximated towards the ends of the 
branches, but not running into a terminal spike. Bracts, bracteoles and calyx- 
segments narrow, never large. 
Plants with woody branches and medium-sized 
leaves: 
Leaves usually 1-2 in. long; bracteolesO ... (11) capensis, 
Leaves usually 4-2 in. long; bracteoles 4 in. 
ong in a) os ne --. (12) cuneata, 
Plants with herbaceous branches or very small 
leaves ; 
