208 VERBENACE® (Pearson). [ Verbena. 
produced above into a clavate or glanduliform appendage. Ovary of 2 
carpels, entire at the apex orvery shortly 4-lobed, 4-chambered at the 
time of flowering, each chamber containing | ovule attached laterally 
near the base ; style short, divided at the apex into a short anterior 
stigmatic lobe and an acute posterior tooth. ruit with a dry hard 
pericarp enclosed in the calyx, separating when ripe into 4 narrow 
cocci. 
Herbs or low shrubs with prostrate or erect stems, glabrous or hairy ; leaves 
opposite, seldom whorled or alternate, toothed, often incised or partite, seldom 
entire ; spikes terminal, seldom axillary, densely crowded or elongate with distant 
flowers, often corymbose or panicled ; flowers small, sessile, usually solitary in 
the axils of narrow bracts. 
About 80 species in the tropical and extra-tropical regions of the New World; 
a few also in the Old World. A few American species are widely introduced in 
the Eastern Hemisphere ; 2 in South Africa. 
Burmann enumerates V. hastata, Linn., a North American plant, in the Flore 
Capensis Prodromus, 1. I have seen no specimens. [See also Epistole ined, 
Caroli Linnzi (Van Hall, 1830), 95; Linn, Amon. Acad. vi. 81.] 
The 3 species known from South Africa belong to the sub-group Verbenaca, 
characterized by the inappendiculate anthers, 
Section 1. PacHystTacuya. Flowers crowded in heads or spikes. 
Corolla-tube more than twice as long as the 
calyx ; primary lateral nerves excurrent in the 
teeth fe res aes fs He ... (1) venosa. 
Corolla-tube less than twice as long as the 
calyx ; primary lateral nerves not excurrent in 
the teeth .., an ene res wi ... (2) bonariensis, 
Section 2. Leprostacaya. Flowers small, loosely 
arranged in long narrow spikes oa! aS ... (3) officinalis, 
1. V. venosa (Gill. et Hook. in Hook, Bot, Mise. i. 167); a 
perennial herb, with a creeping rhizome; stem erect, simple or 
branched, acutely 4-angled, furrowed, hispid, about 1 ft. high ; 
internodes 13—2 in. long; leaves opposite, sessile, semi-amplexicaul, 
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded or subauriculate at the 
base, stiff, scabrid, hispid on the nerves beneath, with margins 
entire or coarsely and acutely dentate-serrate, with 4-7 curved 
ascending primary lateral nerves on each side impressed above, 
prominent beneath, excurrent in the teeth, 1-31 in, long, 1-3 in. 
broad ; spike terminal, simple or dichotomously branched, cylindric, 
dense, bearing many bracteate lilae or blue flowers, 1-2 in. long; 
bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, with a strongly marked midrib, 
glabrous above, hirsute beneath and on the margins, 2-5 lin. long, 
4-12 lin. broad ; calyx of the flower cylindric, dilated below in fruit, 
coloured, obliquely and acutely toothed, pubescent without, hirsute 
on the ribs, minutely pubescent within, 2-23 lin. long ; corolla-tube 
cylindric, pubescent without in the upper part and within, 43-6 lin. 
long; stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube; 
ovary and style about 2 lin. long, glabrous; fruit enclosed in the 
dilated calyx ; coccus shortly oblong, striate, about 1 lin. long, 
