368 LABIAT# (Skan). [Ballota. 
XX. BALLOTA, Linn. 
Calyx funnel-shaped, with a more or less spreading orbicular or 
oblique limb, 10-nerved, 5-10- or sometimes up to many-toothed. 
Corolla-tube subincluded, annular-pilose inside ; limb 2-lipped ; upper 
lip erect, subconcave, emarginate or bifid ; lower lip 3-lobed ; median 
lobe emarginate or crenate. Stamens 4, didynamous (lower pair the 
longer), ascending under the upper lip; anthers. approximate in 
pairs, 2-celled ; cells finally divaricate, scarcely confluent. Disk 
equal, entire or sinuate-dentate, or produced in front. Style 2-fid ; 
lobes subulate, subequal. Nutlets ovoid-oblong, obtuse, smooth. 
Perennial herbs or more rarely undershrubs, hirsute, woolly or tomentose ; 
leaves often rugose, toothed, the upper similar but smaller ; whorls axillary, 
many- or more rarely few-flowered ; bracteoles subulate or oblong, sometimes 
spinescent or very small ; upper corolla-lip pubescent or villous. 
Distr. Species 33, chiefly in the Mediterranean Region and in the Orient, 
1 widely spread in Europe, 1 in Central Asia, 1 in Malaya, and 2 in Tropical 
Africa. 
Marrubium Pseudo-dictamnus, Linn. (Ballota Pseudo-dictamnus, Benth.), a 
native of Crete, is included in Burm. f. Fl. Cap, Prodr. 16. 
1. B. africana (Benth. Lab. 594); an erect branched perennial 
herb, 1-3 ft. high or more, usually rather densely covered with tine 
often long very soft sometimes minutely gland-tipped hairs ; stem 
and branches 4-angled ; leaves orbicular, suborbicular or ovate, the 
larger 3-2 in. long and 1-2 in. broad, rounded, obtuse or rarely 
subacute at the apex, cordate, truncate or rounded at the base, 
rather coarsely and irregularly crenate or crenate-dentate, often 
somewhat rugose especially when young ; upper leaves similar but 
smaller ; petiole usually }-1} in. long ; whorls few to many, distant, 
globose, few- to many-flowered ; bracteoles subulate, about as long 
as or shorter than the calyx, scarcely spinescent ; calyx sessile, 
funnel-shaped, 34-44 lin. long, strongly 10-nerved, 10-20-toothed, 
when mature often with a more or less spreading orbicular limb ; 
teeth usually irregular, deltoid or narrowly deltoid at the base, 
often subulate and more or less spinescent at the apex, 1-1} lin. 
long ; corolla rose-coloured or white, 4-54 lin. long, pubescent out- 
side; tube 24-4 lin. long; upper lip elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 
14-1} lin. long, emarginate or bifid; lower lip 1}-3 lin. long ; 
median lobe transversely oblong or broadly obovate, 1—2 lin. long, 
2-3 lin. broad; lateral lobes broadly ovate or rounded, smaller. 
DO. Prodr. xii. 517. Marrubium africanum, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 588 ; 
ed. ii. 816, and Mant. ii. 412; Thunb. Prodr. 96, and Fl. Cap. ed. 
Schult. 447 ; Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 114. M. crispum, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 
ii. 1674. M. Thowini, Schult. ex Weinm. in Syll. Pl. Ratisb. ii. 23. 
Pseudodictamnus africanus foliis subrotundis, etc., Commel. Hort. 
Amst. ii. 179, t. 90. P. emarginatus, Moench, Meth. Pl. Suppl. 139. 
Sour AFRICA: without locality, Thunberg! Carmichael! Thom, 68! 194! 
MacGillivray, 674! Zeyher, 1344! 3538! Villett! 
