16, 1 Haughwout and Horrilleno: Intestinal Parasites 41 
No sporozoan or ciliated forms were encountered in the 
series. 
HELMINTHAL INFECTIONS 
The infestations here were exclusively confined to the Nem- 
atoda, not a single case of infection with either the Cestoda 
or the Trematoda having been discovered. This is probably 
attributable, in a large degree, to the small number of cases 
that form this series, for nearly all the workers in the past who. 
have conducted inquiries into the incidence of intestinal para- 
sites in the Philippines and who have dealt with larger num- 
bers than we, have discovered representatives, in small numbers, 
of both groups. Tzxnia solium and Tzxnia saginata, as well 
as Hymenolepis nana, have been reported by various observ- 
ers; and Mendoza-Guazon(42) has reported on the finding at 
autopsy of an infestation of a child with Dipylidium caninum. 
Garrison (22) and Hilario and Wharton(31) have reported cases 
of infestation with the trematode Echinostoma ilocanum in 
Filipinos from the northern provinces. Other trematode in- 
fections have been reported from the southern provinces. The 
oecurrence of trematodes in Filipinos residing in the neighbor- 
hood of Manila would seem to be exceedingly rare. The senior 
author has encountered several cases of infection with Schis- 
tosoma and Clonorchis in Manila, but in each case the patient 
was either a Chinese or a Japanese who, without much doubt, 
had contracted the infection before coming to the Philippine 
Islands. He has never seen such a case in a Filipino. 
Trichuris trichiura.—lIf our series is a criterion, and we believe 
that it is, this is the most prevalent animal parasite occurring 
in children in and about Manila. It was found in 69 per cent 
of our cases. Of these thirty-three were male and thirty-six 
female. This shows a slight preponderance of infections in 
girls over those occurring in boys, which is in accord with the 
previous findings of Garrison and Llamas,(23) Garrison, (21) 
Musgrave and Clegg,(45) and other investigators. 
High as our figures are they are considerably under those re- 
ported by Garrison and Llamas in their examination, made in 
1909, of one hundred fifty-eight children living in Manila in 
whom they found an incidence of Trichuris infection amount- 
ing to 92 per cent. These authors do not state the age in- 
cidence in their cases, so we are left in doubt in our efforts 
to make a comparison; but knowing as we do that some of the 
earlier workers laid little stress on the examination of breast- 
fed and very young children, assuming that they were unlikely 
