436 Philippine Journal of Science 1920 
PLATE 23 
Fic. 1. Camp of E. A. Mearns, at 1,800 meters’ elevation, on Mount Apo, 
Mindanao. 
2. A clearing on level ground in Mindoro; made by Mangyans. (Pho- 
tograph by Miller.) 
PLATE 24 
Fic. 1: Grassland near Port Banga, Mindanao, showing the effect of clear- 
ings and fires. Some molave forest remains, at the left in the 
picture.’ (Photograph by Whitford.) 
2. Characteristic vegetation near Bagabag, Rizal Province, Luzon. 
This type of vegetation is very common in the lowlands. The 
primary forest has been destroyed and the land left uncultivated. 
(Photograph by McGregor and Cortes.) 
PLATE 25 
Fic. 1. Sonneratia caseolaris (Linnzus) on an open coast, Bongabon, 
Mindoro. 
2. Air roots of Sonneratia caseolaris growing in salt water. The 
numerous air roots in the foreground are characteristic. 
PLATE 26 
Dipterocarp forest at the edge of a clearing at an altitude of 450 meters 
on Mount Maquiling, Luzon. The conspicuous palms in the fore- 
ground are Livistona sp. The large feathery leaves near the 
ground at the edge of the forest belong to rattans. (Photograph 
by Brown.) 
PLATE 27 
Large dipterocarps in northern Negros. Most of the small trees have 
been cut. (Photograph by Martin.) 
PLATE 28 
Pine forest in the Benguet region, Luzon. The open parklike arrange- 
ment is typical. (Photograph by Martin.) 
PLATE 29 
Rice terraces near Banaue, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Luzon. These 
terraces are often made on the sides of very steep hills. In 
many places the height of a stone retaining wall is greater than 
the width of the level land above it. (Photograph by Worcester.) 
PLATE 30 
Interior view of a mangrove swamp near Bongabon, Mindoro. The large 
tree is Sonneratia caseolaris (Linnzeus); the trees with prop 
roots are Rhizophora conjugata de Candolle; the smaller trees 
without prop roots are mainly Bruguiera parviflora Wight and 
Arnott. 
