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country. It is also probable that the Lima Bean (P. /unatus L.), 
which is of Brazilian origin, was used by our Southern Indians. 
The third genus of introduced plants cultivated in pre-Colum- 
bian time is Cucurbita. The Common Pumpkin (C. Pepo L.) as 
well as the Squash (C. maxima Duch.) are natives of South or 
Central America and were grown coextensively with the preced- 
ing by North American Indians some of whose names, as ap- 
plied to certain varieties, have endured to this day. The China or 
Barbary Squash (C. moschata Duch.) was also thought by Asa 
Gray to be of American origin and, if so, was doubtless known 
to our Southern Indians. 
We come next to the consideration of native plants cultivated 
by the Indians. It may at once be stated that our gardens and 
orchards, unless we except the Jerusalem Artichoke and the Sun- 
flower, do not contain a single plant developed by the Indians 
from any of our wild species. In exculpation we may say that, so 
far as fruits were concerned, an abundant supply could always be 
relied upon, while as regards roots, tubers or bulbs, it seems 
very doubtful whether there are more than two or three sus- 
ceptible of marked improvement. It is only during the last 
49 or 50 years that we have ourselves mostly evolved our 
many orchard forms of native fruits, while we have not yet 
produced a single vegetable. The Indians certainly exhib- 
ited commendable promptness and industry, after the ad- 
vent of the whites, in introducing such fruits as were shown 
to be desirable. Thus the Peach brought into Mexico soon after 
the conquest was, according to the testimony of Du Pratz, found 
in general cultivation among the Indians of Louisiana when the 
French settled that province in 1698, and had become abundant 
in Georgia at the time of the settlement of the English in 1732. 
Wm. Bartram describes the carefully planted Orange groves of the 
Indians which he noticed in 1773. The early introduction and 
propagation of these two plants by the Indians led to the erroneous 
impression that they were of American origin. 
Of the native plants cultivated by Indians we have no very 
clear or precise information, but I believe the following list in- 
cludes most, if not all of them. The first place belongs to the 
Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). It produces many 
