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Family Psttoraceae. 
Family LepipopENDRACEAE (fossil).+ 
Family S1GiLiartaceak (fossil).+ 
Family SELAGINELLACEAE. 
Family Isorracear.+ 
Crass GyMNOSPERMAE. 
Order Cycadales. 
Family Cycapacear. 
Order Cordaitales (fossil). 
Order Pinales. 
Family Pixnacear. (Cowiferae.) 
Order Guetales. 
Family GNETACEAE. 
The above classification is not proposed from the fact that it 
contains anything especially novel, but is merely an adaptation of 
the principle of uniformity in the terminology of the lower groups. 
So far as unlike things can be compared at all, the above families, 
as indicated, are groups equivalent with the so-called “ natural 
orders ”’ of the higher plants, e. g. Ranunculaceae, Liliaceae, Orcht- 
@aceae, etc.. The separation of the Gymnosperms entirely from 
the Spermatophytes will doubtless jostle with the ideas of those 
Who still sandwich them in between the Monocotyledons and 
Dicotyledons, unaware of the modification that has taken place in 
our ideas of homology in the past two decades, while they have 
been asleep and failed to note the march of progress over their heads. 
In some instances it may be desirable to introduce a few subdivi- 
sions, but in the above I have purposely left them out except in 
One instance, that the simplicity of the arrangement might be the 
More apparent. They should not appear except for sufficient 
and well founded cause. 
GREENCASTLE, INDIANA. 
* No lineal series of these families can represent their true affinities. 
t+ The position of many of these fossil forms is still problematical. 
} The position of this family is by no means permanently decided. 
