266 
Tetracyclus emarginatus (Ehr.) W. Sm. 
T. lacustris Ralfs. 
Tnceratium alternans Bail. 
T. favus Ehr. 
T. sculptum Shadb. 
Of the above about 80 are exclusively fresh water forms, 47 ex- 
clusively marine, while the others are found in fresh water and 
brackish or in brackish and marine. 
Preliminary Notes on Nelumbo lutea. 
By Benjy. HERITAGE. 
(PLATE 23%.) 
In August, 1890, being desirous of investigating the root 
growth of Nelumbo lutea, the late Isaac Burk, and self visited the 
mill-pond at Sharptown, Salem County, N. J., for that purpose. 
There were about eight acres thickly covered with the species, 
which presented a most gorgeous sight. 
We procured a boat, and after considerable research, we found 
a place at which the water was but a few inches in depth, over a 
very soft mud. He managed the boat, and seating ourself on its 
bottom, with an arm stripped to the shoulder we selected one of 
the large leaves which had a flower stalk in close proximity. 
These we traced with the hand, down into the ooze, to their 
common point of attachment, which brought the arm up to the 
elbow in the mud. There we found a very dense cluster of fibrous 
roots which were loosened, but this did not release the plant; as 
there was a horizontal portion, the size of a finger extending from 
it in opposite directions. The truth then dawned upon us that 
this majestic plant is stoloniferous! 
We traced this horizontal stolon or stem until we accidentally 
broke it, before reaching its termination in either direction. Its 
course was quite direct, and lay at a uniform depth of about one 
foot beneath the surface of the mud. 
At short distances we encountered very many other similar 
subterranean vines or stolons—portions of other plants perhaps 
